EM施入方式对宁夏中部干旱带设施土壤环境的影响  

Effects of EM Applications on Soil Properties of Greenhouse in Middle Arid Region of Ningxia

作　　者：张丽娟[1] 曲继松[1] 冯海萍[1] 杨冬艳[1] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏农林科学院种质资源研究所,银川750002

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2014年第4期160-165,共6页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：宁夏自然科学基金项目(NZ1175);宁陕合作项目(2012ZYH110);宁夏国际合作项目"近自然农法技术在宁夏蔬菜生产中的引进与研究";宁夏重大科技攻关计划(2011ZDN04);国家星火计划项目(2011GA880001)

摘　　要：田间设置黄河水滴灌(处理1,即CK)、EM喷施(处理2)、EM喷施+灌根(处理3)以及EM灌根(处理4)4个处理,研究EM对黄河上游地区设施土壤理化性质、酶活性的影响。结果表明,EM能有效提高黄瓜对速效养分的吸收利用率,其中尤以处理3较为明显,处理3的速效氮从定植前的256mg/kg下降至生长后期的107mg/kg,下降了58.20%;EM施用能够增加土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶活性,降低土壤多酚氧化酶活性,各处理土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶和过氧化物酶活性表现为处理3>处理4>处理2>处理1(CK);同时叶面喷施EM对增加细菌、放线菌数量效果明显,冲施EM对降低真菌数量效果明显,可有效抑制土壤微生物区系从高肥的"细菌型"土壤向低肥的"真菌型"土壤转化。Through field experiment, the effects of EM on chemical properties and enzyme activity of greenhouse soil were determined in the upper reaches of the Yellow River. The experiment treatments included the Yellow River water drip irrigation （1, CK）, EM spraying （treatment 2）, EM spraying and root-irrigation （treatment 3） and EM root-irrigation （treatment 4）. The results showed that：EM could improve available nutrient uptake and use efficiency of cucumber, especially in the EM spraying ＋ root-irrigation （treatment 3）, available nitrogen decreased by 58.20%, from 256 mg/kg （before colonization） to 107 mg/kg （at late stage） ： EM application increased activities of soil urease, sucrase and peroxidase, in the order of treatment 3〉 treatment 4〉 treatment 2〉 treatment 1 （CK）, but reduced polyphenol oxidase activity〉 at the same time, spraying EM increased the number of bacteria and actinomycete obviously, however, root-irrigation with EM obviously reduced the number of the fungal, which effectively inhibited the transformation of microbial flora from the high-fertility soil ＂ bacterial -type＂ to a low -fertility soil ＂ fungi-type ＂

关 键 词：自然农法 EM 设施土壤 土壤微生物 土壤酶 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]