黔南州部份县(市)开展消除麻风普查前后对比分析  

Comparison Analysis of the Status of Leprosy in a part of Qinnan Prefecture before and after the Census of Leprosy

作　　者：吴昌华[1] 吴芙蓉[1] 古明宏 

机构地区：[1]贵州省黔南州疾病预防控制中心,贵州黔南州558000

出　　处：《现代预防医学》2014年第10期1790-1793,共4页Modern Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的最大限度发现病人，加速黔南州各县市同步实现基本消灭麻风病目标。方法成立消除麻风危害领导小组；选择2010年麻风患病率≥0．01‰的9个县（市），逐级签订目标责任书；对参与消除麻风普查工作的县（市）、乡（镇）、村卫生人员及村干部进行《实施方案》相关知识与技能培训；通过宣传、在中小学开设皮肤病防治课、村民访谈、鼓励提供麻风可疑线索等方式，广泛对麻风密切接触者及乡（镇）、村学生进行体检，发现可疑病例逐级上报，经县（市）及以上麻风防治机构确诊，并对普查前后结果进行统计分析。结果共确诊麻风新病例31例，发现率1／10万，显著高于2010—2011年平均发现率0．61／10万（Х^2=4．34，P〈0．05），其中7个县（市）新发现病例数分别是2010、2011年新病例平均数的1．3。7倍；诊断延迟期〈2年、MB、Ⅱ畸残构成比无统计学差异（P值均〉0．05），家内接触感染、发现方式构成比无统计学差异（P值均〉0．05）。结论开展消除麻风普查与常规工作相结合能有效发现麻风新病例；麻风疫情仍较严峻，病例早期发现工作亟待加强；60％以上新发现病例系家外感染；自报、互报、线索调查、皮肤科门诊是病例的主要发现方式。Objective The study was to learn the status of leprosy in Qinnan prefecture by comparision analysis before and after the census of leprosy, so as to detect cases of leprosy as soon as possible and to accelerate eliminating leoprosy synchronically in different cities/counties of Qiannan prefecture. Methods A leading group was established for eliminating leprosy. 9 counties/cities with leprosy incidence ≥0.01‰ in 2010 were selected to sign a contract of responsibility. Health personnel of villages, towns and counties participating leprosy elimination were trained on related knowledge and skills. Curriculums of skin diseases prevention and control were set in schools. Villagers were interviewed for leprosy clues. Physical examination were conducted to students and close contacts of leprosy patients, and the suspicious leprosy cases were reported to related prevention institutes for confirmation. Statistical analysis was conducted on the results before and after these work. Results A total of 31 new leprosy cases were found, with an incidence of 1/10 million which was substantially higher than the average annual rate of 0.61/10 million in 2010-201 1, （Х^2= 4.34, P 〈0.05）. 7 counties （cities） had the number of new cases 1.3-7 fold higher than the annual average number of new cases in 2010-2011. The diagnostic delay was usually less than two years. No significant differences were observed in the ratio of MB to Ⅱ orthodontic disability （P value 〉0.05） and the proportion of new cases caused by contacts at home. Conclusion The combination of leprosy census with routine work on eliminating leprosy significantly improved the efficiency of leprosy detection. Nowadays the stares of epidemic leprosy is still serious and the early detection of leprosy must be strengthened. Around 60% new cases occurred by transmission outside home. The main ways of discovering new leprosy cases were self-report, mutual report, investigation and dermatology clinic visits.

关 键 词：消除麻风普查 病例发现 分析 

分 类 号：R193.3[医药卫生—卫生事业管理]