机载雷达风切变识别算法研究及在机场预报中的应用  

Wind shear identification for airborne weather radar and its application in airport forecast

作　　者：魏鸣[1] 张明旭[1,2] 张培昌[1] 郭巍[3] 周生辉[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心,江苏南京210044 [2]南京信息工程大学中国气象局气溶胶与云降水开放重点实验室,江苏南京210044 [3]上海市卫星遥感与测量应用中心,上海201199

出　　处：《大气科学学报》2014年第2期129-137,共9页Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences

基　　金：航空科学基金项目(201320R2001);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目(2013CB430102);江苏省高校自然科学重大基础研究项目(10KJA170030);国家高技术研究发展计划(863计划)项目(2007AA061901;2012AA091801);公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201206038;GYHY201306040);灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2013LASW-B16);北极阁基金(BJG201208);中国气象局2014年关键技术项目(CMAGJ2014M21);水利部公益性行业科研专项(201201063);江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划项目(CXZZ12_0501)

摘　　要：大气中的风切变严重威胁飞机安全,尤其低空风切变是影响飞机起降的重要因素。利用多普勒雷达速度资料计算一维切向、一维径向与二维合成风切变,准确判断风切变的危险区域,能够及时为飞行及起降提供告警。针对多普勒雷达业务应用的主用户处理器PUP(Principal User Processor)上风切变自动识别产品存在的边缘识别较弱及定位误差较大等问题,根据多普勒雷达速度资料径向分布的特点,利用最小二乘法线性拟合优势,选择适于机载雷达参数的拟合窗口,对多个实例进行了识别分析。对比结果表明最小二乘法在识别效果、定位精度、边缘识别等方面优于PUP风切变自动识别产品,提高了风切变识别能力,有助于为机载雷达风切变识别及预警提供更好的依据。Wind shear in the atmosphere is a serious threat to the safety of aircraft, especially the low- level wind shear which is an important factor affecting the aircraft taking off and landing.By using the Doppler radar velocity data to calculate the one-dimension tangential, one-dimensional radial and two- dimension composite shear, accurately judging the dangerous area of wind shear could provide timely warning for flight, taking off and landing. In this study, as the wind shear automatic identification product on the principal user processor（PUP） for Doppler radar applications has the shortcomings such as weak edge recognition and larger location errors, according to Doppler radar velocity distributions and taking advantage of least square fitting method, ＂fitting window＂ suitable for airborne radar param- eters are chosen, and the several cases have been identified and analyzed. For the performance in wind shear＇s identification, location and edge discerning, the least square method could provide better reference of wind shear and warnings than PUP＇s identification products.

关 键 词：机载雷达 风切变 最小二乘法 合成切变 PUP产品 

分 类 号：V243.2[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]