夜间增温对江苏不同年代水稻主栽品种生育期和产量的影响  

Impacts of nighttime warming on rice growth stage and grain yield of leading varieties released in different periods in Jiangsu Province,China

作　　者：张鑫[1] 陈金[2] 江瑜[3] 邓艾兴[1] 宋振伟[1] 郑成岩[1] 张卫建[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081 [2]江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所,南昌330200 [3]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,南京210095

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第5期1349-1356,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2010CB951501);粮食丰产科技工程项目(2011BAD16B14);国家自然科学基金项目(30771278)资助

摘　　要：采用开放式主动增温系统,在江苏省丹阳市开展夜间增温试验,研究夜间温度升高对江苏1970s—2000s 8个主要推广水稻品种生育期和产量的影响.结果表明:不同年代水稻品种的主要生长特性对夜间增温的响应程度存在明显差异,但响应趋势基本一致.全生育期内水稻冠层夜间温度平均升高0.9℃,水稻始穗期平均提前1.1 d,全生育期缩短1.3 d.夜间增温下,花后总绿叶面积和剑叶面积呈下降趋势,成熟期生物学产量和籽粒产量分别平均降低了3.5%和5.1%,植株N含量也降低.产量构成分析发现,夜间增温主要通过降低水稻有效穗数和穗粒数使产量下降,单位面积总颖花数下降了12.6%.品种间并未随年代发展而出现明显的变化趋势,新老品种间差异不显著.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the actual impacts of nighttime warming on rice growth stage and grain yield in Danyang, Jiangsu Province, with 8 leading varieties approved and released during 1970s-2000s. The field was warmed at nighttime for an entire growth stage （i. e. sown date to harvest） with a Free Air Temperature Increase （FATI） facility. The results showed that there were significant differences in the extents of warming impact on rice growth stage and grain yield among the leading varieties, though the impact trends were similar. An increase of 0. 9 ℃ in nighttime mean temperature in rice canopy could shorten the length of rice entire growth stage by 1.3 d. Nighttime warming tended to decrease post-anthesis green leaves area and the flag leaf area, and to decline rice aboveground biomass production and grain yield by 3.5 % and 5.1%, respectively. Meanwhile, nighttime warming decreased the plant nitrogen concentration at maturity. Nighttime warming reduced the grain yield mainly through decreasing the effective panicles and grain numbers per panicle. There was no stable changing trend in the differences in warming impacts on the varieties released in the different periods.

关 键 词：气候变暖 水稻 不同品种 夜间增温 产量 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]