生理成熟期高温高湿胁迫对春大豆种子活力、主要营养成分及种皮结构的影响  

Effects of high temperature and humidity stress at the physiological maturity stage on seed vigor,main nutrients and coat structure of spring soybean

作　　者：舒英杰[1,2] 王爽[1] 陶源[1] 宋利茹[1] 黄丽燕[1] 周玉丽[2] 麻浩[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学作物遗传与种质创新国家重点实验室,南京210095 [2]安徽科技学院农学院,安徽凤阳233100

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第5期1380-1386,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31101212;30971840;31171572);教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金项目(20100097110030;20120097110025);安徽省教育厅高等学校省级优秀青年人才基金项目(2012SQRL143)资助

摘　　要：采用盆栽方式,研究了宁镇1号和湘豆3号2个春大豆品种在种子生理成熟期受到高温高湿胁迫[(40±2)℃/(30±2)℃、相对湿度(95±5)%/(70±5)%、10 h/14 h(昼/夜)]后种子活力指标、主要营养成分及种皮解剖结构的变化.结果表明:生理成熟期植株受到高温高湿胁迫后,2个春大豆品种种子生活力、发芽势、发芽率以及脱氢酶、酸性磷酸酶活性呈下降趋势,种子细胞膜透性增大,浸种液中的H+、可溶性糖和亮氨酸含量上升,种子中的脂肪和蛋白含量无规律性变化,种皮与种脐解剖结构发生改变;短期的高温高湿胁迫(<5 h)对春大豆种子活力的影响不明显,胁迫时间超过48 h,种子活力相关指标急剧降低;湘豆3号较耐高温高湿胁迫,表现为发芽势和相关酶活性下降及浸种液外渗物含量增加的幅度小,种皮致密、厚实,种脐结构完整等特征.A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of high temperature and humidity stress [（40±2）℃/（30±2）℃, RH （95±5）%/（70±5）%, 10 h/14 h （day/night）] at the physiological maturity stage of two spring soybean cultivars （ Xiangdou No. 3 and Ningzhen No.1） on seed vigor indices, main nutritional components and coat anatomical structure. High temperature and humidity stress were found to cause the decrease of seed viability, germination potential, and germination percentage as well as the dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase activities, but increased the seed cell membrane permeability as well as H＋, soluble sugar and leucine levels in the seed soaking liquid of each cultivar. Moreover, the stress led to irregular changes of seed oil and protein contents and alteration of anatomical structure of episperm and hilum in the two cuhivars. A shortterm stress （less than 5 h） had no significant impact on seed vigor, but a long-term one （ more than 48 h） caused rapid decrease of seed vigor indices. Xiangdou No. 3 showed less decreases in seed germination potential and enzyme activities, and less increase in extravasation content in the seed soaking liquid, had compact seed coat and intact hilum, suggesting it was more resistant to high temperature and humidity stress.

关 键 词：高温高湿胁迫 春大豆 种子活力 发芽 解剖结构 田间劣变抗性 

分 类 号：S565.1[农业科学—作物学]