日光温室秋冬茬番茄果实发育期的适宜夜温  

Optimal nighttime temperature for tomato plant in greenhouse in autumn and winter

作　　者：毛丽萍[1] 任君[2] 张剑国[1] 阎世江[1] 李亚灵[3] 

机构地区：[1]山西省农业科学院蔬菜研究所,太原030031 [2]山西省农业科学院作物科学研究所,太原030031 [3]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西太谷030801

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2014年第5期1408-1414,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：山西省科技攻关项目(20110311015-2;20130311010-1)资助

摘　　要：为了明确秋冬季节夜温对设施栽培中果实发育期番茄的影响，在昼温相同情况下，利用自制的自然光照生长室，设定自然夜温（CK）、14、16、18℃4个夜温处理，相应的实测值分别为13.1、13.4、14.7、16.3℃，研究夜温控制对番茄植株的生理响应、光合作用、物质积累和产量的影响.结果表明：CK番茄植株受到部分时段的低温胁迫，膜系统受到破坏，导致干物质积累最少，前期几乎没有产量（成熟果仅每株28g）.与CK相比，14℃夜温处理的单株干物质积累显著增加，前期产量为每株304g，总产量（包括未成熟果）显著增加58％；18℃夜温处理的植株净光合率显著增加10.6％～12.5％，单株干物质积累显著增加26％，开花时间提前4～12d，单株采收果实数为3.8个，单果质量显著增加42.7g，前期产量为每株476g，总产量增加101％；16℃处理的各项指标介于18℃和14℃处理之间.表明昼温22℃时，13.4℃是秋冬季节华北设施番茄生长的低夜温极限，理想夜温应控制在16.3℃以上.In order to investigate the effect of nighttime temperature （NT） on adult stage tomato plants in greenhouse, an experiment was conducted by using natural light growth chamber. Tomato plants were treated with 4 nighttime temperature as natural NT （CK） , 14, 16, and 18 ℃, on condition of the same daytime temperature （DT）. Actual NT of CK, 14, 16, and 18 ℃ treatments were 13.1, 13.4, 14.7, and 16.3 ℃, respectively. Physiological response, photosynthesis, dry matter accumulation and production of tomato plant under different NT treatments were determined. The results showed that, tomato plants under CK treatment suffered lower temperature press periodi cally, and the membrane system was damaged to some extent, resulting in the lowest dry matter ac- cumulation and nearly no early yield （28 g mature fruit per plant）. Compared with CK, dry matter accumulation of tomato plant under 14 ℃ treatment was increased significantly, early yield was 304 g per plant, and total production was increased by 58% （immature fruit included）. As for the 18 ℃treatment, the net photosynthetic rate （Pn） of tomato plant was significantly increased by 10.6% -12.5% , dry matter accumulation was increased by 26% , flower time was advanced by 4- 12 days, fruit number per plant was 3.8, fresh matter per fruit was increased by 42.7 g, early yield per plant was 476 g, and the total production per plant was increased by 101%. All the items under 16 ℃ treatment were between those under 14 ℃ and 18 ℃treatments. Therefore, at DT of 22 ℃, the low NT limit was 13.4 ℃ and the optimal NT should be above 16.3 ℃ for greenhouse tomato plants in autumn and winter in North China.

关 键 词：日光温室 番茄 果实发育期 夜温 光合产量 

分 类 号：S641.2[农业科学—蔬菜学]