深圳市2005—2012年脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例流行病学分析  

Epidemiological analysis for cases of vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen

作　　者：杨洁[1] 黄芳[2] 张世英[2] 杨卫红[2] 卢紫燕[2] 

机构地区：[1]深圳市罗湖区疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518020 [2]深圳市疾病预防控制中心,广东深圳518055

出　　处：《微生物学免疫学进展》2014年第2期31-34,共4页Progress In Microbiology and Immunology

基　　金：深圳市科技研发资金项目(编号:JCYJ 20130401153529389)

摘　　要：目的了解深圳市脊髓灰质炎疫苗相关病例(VAPP)发生情况及流行病学特征,为消灭脊髓灰质炎后期脊灰疫苗免疫策略的研究提供基础数据。方法采用流行病学方法对深圳市2005—2012年残留麻痹急性弛缓性麻痹AFP病例个案资料、病原学检测结果、VAPP病例进行分析。结果 2005—2012年共报告残留麻痹病例55例,其中VAPP病例8例,占15.54%;深圳市VAPP病例均为小年龄组小于6月龄的儿童,总发生率0.20/10万,无接触者VAPP病例,其中首次服苗的VAPP发生率为0.51/10万;无明显的地区和时间分布聚集性。结论 VAPP的发生是接种脊髓灰质炎减毒活疫苗难以克服的弱点,为减少VAPP病例及防止脊灰疫苗衍生病毒的发生,应在消灭脊髓灰质炎后期科学、合理地调整消灭脊髓灰质炎的免疫策略。Objective To find out the occurrence and the epidemiological characteristics of the vaccine-associated paralytic poliomyelitis （VAPP） from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen. Methods The data of AFP cases, the results of pathogenic detec- tion and VAPP cases were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological method. Results A total of 55 cases for residual paral- ysis of AFP were reported from 2005 to 2012 in Shenzhen, and 8 cases were diagnosed as VAPP accounted 15.54%. All VAPP cases were in the small age group and with age younger than 6 months old. The total incidence of the VAPP in Shenzhen is 0.20/100 000. The incidence of the vaccinated cases after the first dose of OPV vaccine was 0.51/100 000. It is not found for gathering tendency in distribution of place and time. Conclusion The occurrence of VAPP is the serious weakness along with inoculation of OPV, which is unable to overcome. In order to reduce the VAPP cases and prevent the occurrence of VDPV,it should scientifically and reasonably adjust the immunization policy in the later stage of eradication of polio.

关 键 词：脊髓灰质炎 急性弛缓性麻痹 疫苗衍生脊灰病毒 疫苗相关病例 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学] R392[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]