早期肠内营养及护理支持对危重症脑血管疾病并发症的治疗作用  

Early enteral nutrition and nursing care for prevention of complications of severe cerebrovascular diseases

作　　者：仲桂英[1] 李源化[1] 马丽萍[1] 黄成萍[1] 

机构地区：[1]青海大学附属医院神经内科,青海省西宁市810001

出　　处：《世界华人消化杂志》2014年第11期1612-1615,共4页World Chinese Journal of Digestology

摘　　要：目的:探讨神经内科重症患者肠内营养时机与并发症的分析及护理对策.方法:随机选取我院2011-10/2013-09收治的行肠内营养支持治疗的重症患者120例,随机平均分为两组,分别为试验组和对照组各60例.试验组患者给予早期肠内营养治疗的方法,并给予相应的护理对策,对照组采用常规营养治疗法治疗,观察并记录两组患者的各项生化指标、死亡例数、发生并发症例数、发生后遗症例数等,然后再进行统计学处理.结果:试验组患者有效治疗54例,有效率为90%,对照组有效治疗21例,有效率为35%,可以得出试验组治愈效果明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组患者饮食量、排便量、呕吐及腹泻等一般情况均无明显差异(P>0.05);两组生理指标血压、心率等无明显差异(P>0.05);两组在Na+、Ca2+和血清白蛋白含量方面也没有明显差异(P>0.05);试验组死亡1例,对照组死亡7例;试验组发生并发症4例,对照组发生并发症12例;试验组发生后遗症3例,对照组发生后遗症10例.结论:在相应护理条件下,对重症患者给予早期肠内营养治疗,可有效降低并发症的发生概率,加快促进患者术后肠胃肠功能恢复,值得临床推广应用.AIM： To investigate enteral nutrition timing and nursing strategy in patients with severe cerebrovascular diseases to prevent the occurrence of complications. METHODS： One hundred and twenty patients with severe cerebrovascular diseases who underwent enteral nutrition support therapy at our hospital from October 2011 to September 2013 were included and randomly divided into two groups： an experimental group and a control group, with 60 patients in each group. The experimental group received early enteral nutrition therapy and appropriate care measures, while the control group underwent conventional nutritional treatment. Biochemical indicators and the numbers of deaths, complications and sequelae were recorded and compared between the two groups. RESULTS： The effective rate was significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group （90% vs 35%, P 〈 0.05）. There were no significant differences in food intake, defecation, vomiting and diarrhea, physiological blood pressure, heart rate, Na＋, Ca2＋ or serum albumin levels between the two groups （P 〉 0.05 for all）. There was one death in the experimental group and seven deaths in the control group. The number of complications was 4 in the experimental group and 12 in the control group. The number of sequelae was 3 in the experimental group and 10 in the control group. CONCLUSION： Appropriate care and early enteral nutrition in critically ill patients can effectively reduce the occurrence of complications and accelerate the recovery of gastrointestinal function.

关 键 词：肠内营养 并发症 重症患者 

分 类 号：R473.74[医药卫生—护理学]