太湖东部不同类型湖区底泥疏浚的生态效应  

Ecological effects of dredging on aquatic ecosystem in the different regions of eastern Lake Taihu

作　　者：毛志刚[1] 谷孝鸿[1] 陆小明 曾庆飞[1] 谷先坤[1,3] 李旭光[1,3] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所湖泊与环境国家重点实验室,南京210008 [2]江苏省水利学会,南京210029 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《湖泊科学》2014年第3期385-392,共8页Journal of Lake Sciences

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD25B06);江苏省水利科技项目(2011071)联合资

摘　　要：为研究底泥生态疏浚对太湖东部不同类型湖区水生生态系统的影响,2012年8月于东太湖养殖湖区和胥口湾草型湖区采集沉积物和生物样品,分析疏浚对底泥污染控制、水质改善以及各生物群落结构的影响.结果表明,底泥疏浚能有效去除表层沉积物中的营养物质,降低底泥重金属含量及其潜在生态风险,但底泥疏浚对不同类型湖区水质和生物群落结构的影响存在明显差别.在富营养化较严重的东太湖养殖湖区,底泥疏浚达到了一定的改善水质的效果,浮游植物密度、生物量均不同程度降低,且群落中蓝藻所占比例下降;水生植物和底栖动物群落也在较短时间内得到恢复;胥口湾草型湖区的底泥疏浚则破坏了原先良好的水生植物群落,造成湖区整体水质下降,各主要生物类群的恢复相对缓慢.In order to investigate the ecological effects of dredging on aquatic ecosystem in the different regions of the eastern Lake Taihu, the water, sediments and biological samples in eastern Lake Taihu （ aquaculture lake region） and Xukou Bay （ macrophyte- dominated region） were collected in August, 2012. Contents of nutrients and heavy metals in sediments and water quality parame- tern were measured, and the phytoplankton, zooplankton and benthos communities （ including species composition, density and bi- omass） also were investigated. The results showed that dredging was a useful approach for lowering nutrients and heavy metals loading in sediments, but its effectiveness had gradually decreased with the end of dredging. The Hakanson potential ecological risk index also indicated that sediment dredging could reduce the extent of potential ecological risk. There were obvious differences be- tween the effects of the dredging to water quality and aquatic organisms in different lake regions. The water quality had been im- proved in the dredged areas of the eastern Lake Taihu, and both density and biomass of the phytoplankton had been decreased com- pared with the un-dredged areas. The macrophyte and benthic communities had also been restored quickly in a short period. On the contrary, the sediment dredging in the maerophyte-dominated region of Xukou Bay destroyed the healthy macrophyte communi- ty, which caused the water quality deterioration and slow restoration of aquatic organism.

关 键 词：生态疏浚 沉积物 水质 水生生物 太湖 

分 类 号：X524[环境科学与工程—环境工程]