微小RNA在心血管疾病中的研究进展  

Research advances of miRNAs in cardiovascular diseases

作　　者：杜银苹[1] 李东野[1] 

机构地区：[1]徐州医学院心血管病研究所,江苏省221002

出　　处：《中华临床医师杂志（电子版）》2014年第7期100-104,共5页Chinese Journal of Clinicians(Electronic Edition)

摘　　要：微小RNA（miRNA）是一类高度保守的内源性非编码的单链小RNA,长度约18-25个核苷酸。它通过特异性地识别靶基因mRNA的3＇非转录区,介导靶基因mRNA的降解或翻译抑制,从而下调靶基因的表达,并参与细胞增殖、分化、凋亡和疾病发生发展等多种生物学过程。近期研究表明,人类约有30%-50%的基因受miRNA调控。miRNA具有严格的组织特异性和时序性,在心血管系统发育及疾病中发挥重要的调节作用。miRNA参与心脏和血管的发育,其异常表达与动脉粥样硬化、冠心病、心力衰竭及高血压等疾病密切相关。miRNA在各种心血管疾病中有特定的表达谱,预示着miRNA有望成为心血管疾病诊断、治疗及预后判断的新型生物学标志物。本综述将对miRNA的生物合成和作用机制以及miRNA在心血管系统发育及疾病病理过程中的最新研究进展进行总结,并探讨其相关的分子调控机制。MicroRNAs（miRNAs） are highly conserved class of endogenous small non-coding single-stranded RNAs including 18-25 nucleotides in length, which downregulate gene expression. By binding to the 3＇ untranslated region of target mRNAs, miRNAs mediate the degradation of mRNA or inhibit translation. They have been found to be involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and the development of many human diseases. Recent evidences have demonstrated that miRNAs modulate about 30%-50% of human genes. Expressed strictly in specific phases of development in a tissue-specific manner, miRNAs play a crucial role in regulating cardiovascular development and diseases. They participate in the development of heart and blood vessels, and their abnormal expression is closely related to atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, heart failure and hypertension. The specific expression profiles of miRNAs make them be a potential novel diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers for cardiovascular diseases. Here, we reviewed the biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms of miRNAs and the latest research progress of miRNAs in cardiovascular development and diseases, and the underlying molecular mechanisms related were investigated.

关 键 词：微RNAS 心血管疾病 心血管发育 

分 类 号：R54[医药卫生—心血管疾病]