果蝇中顺式调控序列的进化  

Evolution of cis-regulatory sequences in Drosophila

作　　者：涂剑波[1] 孙博渊 李地艳[1] 李英[1] 杨明耀[1] 

机构地区：[1]四川农业大学动物遗传育种研究所,成都611130

出　　处：《昆虫学报》2014年第3期356-364,共9页Acta Entomologica Sinica

基　　金：四川农业大学学科建设"双支计划"项目(02920200);动物遗传与进化创新团队项目(03570222);四川省教育厅"科研创新团队"项目

摘　　要：顺式调控序列(cis-regularory sequences)是与基因表达调控相关、能够被调控因子特异性识别和结合的非编码DNA序列。顺式调控序列可以通过增减所含转录因子结合位点的数目,重构转录调控网络,以精准调控基因的时空表达模式,从而调控动物的生理和形态表型。顺式调控假说认为顺式调控序列进化是自然界丰富的动物表型进化的主要遗传机制。本文首先简述了顺式调控序列的结构和功能,然后重点讨论了近年来顺式调控序列进化调控果蝇表型进化如刚毛表型进化、色素沉积表型进化和胚胎发育方面的研究进展,阐释了顺式调控序列进化是动物表型进化的主要遗传机制之一。最后本文展望了顺式调控序列未来研究方向,例如应用功能基因组研究、开展ENCODE计划等,为进化发育生物学中顺式调控序列的研究提供了参考。Cis-regulatory sequences are parts of the non-coding DNA regions that are associated with regulation of gene expression, and they can be recognized and bound specifically by their regulatory factors. Cis-regulatory sequences can precisely regulate gene expression patterns spatially and temporally by increase or decrease of transcriptional binding sites and reorganization of gene regulatory networks, and then cause animals to develop different physical and morphological consequences. Cis-regulatory hypothesis considered that evolution of cis-regulatory sequences is the main genetic mechanism responsible for evolution of a variety of animal phenotypes in nature. Firstly this review briefly describes the structure and function of cis-regulatory sequences, and then focuses on the recent advances in evolution of cis-regulatory sequences regulating Drosophila phenotypes, such as bristles, pigmentations and embryo development, which demonstrate that evolution of cis-regulatory sequences is one of the major mechanisms responsible for evolution of animal phenotypes. Finally, the review suggests the future research directions for the cis-regulatory sequences, such as functional genomics and encyclopedia of DNA elements, which provide a good reference for the cis-regulatory sequence research in evolutionary developmental biology.

关 键 词：果蝇 进化发育生物学 顺式调控序列 基因表达 进化 表型 

分 类 号：Q964[生物学—昆虫学]