典型重金属污染行业生态安全评价方法研究  

Ecological Security Assessment Research on Typical Heavy Metal Polluting Industries

作　　者：周涛[1] 周传斌[2] 姚亮[2] 石禹[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京交通大学中国产业安全研究中心,北京100044 [2]中国科学院生态环境研究中心,北京100085

出　　处：《生态经济》2014年第6期14-17,共4页Ecological Economy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71033005)

摘　　要：我国是重金属开采、冶炼、使用大国,重金属(汞、铬、铅、砷等)污染近年来已经成为影响我国生态环境安全的重要问题之一,亟需建立一套重金属污染行业生态环境影响评价的科学方法。文章依据区域生态安全理论,建立了重金属污染行业生态安全评价的指标体系,筛选出"驱动力(D)—压力(P)—状态(S)—影响(I)—响应(R)"5大类共12个评价指标,根据DPSIR模型各因子的内在关系,构建了重金属污染行业生态安全综合评价指数ESI。以浙江省温州市瓯海电镀基地为研究对象,评价了该地区近10年的生态安全水平,得出该地区ESI从0.62提高到7.50,达到较为合理的水平,其原因主要是产业园规划建设、清洁生产、污染治理和环境监管水平的提高,并从产业布局、环境监管等方面提出了重金属污染行业生态安全的管理对策。In recent years, heavy metal pollution has been highlighted as one of China＇s major environmental problems. With China＇s rapid economy growth and industrialization process, we are facing great challenges on heavy metal pollution prevention. Therefore, evaluating the ecological impact caused by these typical industrial activities is necessary. This study adopted regional ecological security theory to construct an evaluation index system for ecological security assessment of heavy metal industries, finally filtering out 12 representative indicators which belong to five categories ＂Driving forces（D）-Pressures（P）-State（S）-Impacts（I）-Responses（R）＂. Further, a comprehensive indicator of ecological security index（ESI） is composed based on the intrinsic relationship of the five DPSIR factors. The study selected the Ouhai electroplating industrial park in Wenzhou city to practically evaluate the ecological security situation within recent 10 years. The results showed that the ESI increased from 0.62 to 7.50 in this area and now basically in a reasonable level, According to the analysis, the new constructed industrial park, cleaner production, more investment in pollution control and improvement on environmental supervision are the main reasons for the enhancement of ecological security. This research has proved that the ES! is a good tool to evaluate the heavy polluting industries＇ ecological security. In addition, this study also gives suggestions on industrial planning and environmental supervision of heavy metal polluting industries.

关 键 词：产业生态学 重金属 生态安全 评价 

分 类 号：X826[环境科学与工程—环境工程]