养殖中华鲟四种天然饵料的细菌分布及灭菌效果  

The bacteria distribution and sterilization effect of four kinds of natural baits for cultured Acipenser sinensis

作　　者：张艳珍[1] 张晓雁[1] 王彦鹏[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京海洋馆,北京100081

出　　处：《淡水渔业》2014年第3期90-94,共5页Freshwater Fisheries

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203086)

摘　　要：为预防北京海洋馆养殖中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis)因饵料引起的细菌性疾病暴发,对鲜活大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、冷冻斑尾刺虾虎鱼(Acanthogobius ommaturus)、南美白对虾(Penaeus Vannamei)和多春鱼(Malltus villosus)的细菌分布及不同方式灭菌效果进行了研究。结果显示:饵料优势菌类型为致病力较强的2类条件致病菌,即气单胞菌和不动杆菌,但菌种有差别,活饵优势菌主要为嗜水气单胞菌和两种非发酵革兰阴性菌(其中一种为鲍曼不动杆菌),冷冻饵料为鲁氏不动杆菌、嗜水气单胞菌和维罗纳气单胞菌。分别采用消毒、暂养、冷冻、冷冻后紫外灭菌方式处理鲜活、冷冻饵料,对于活饵大泷六线鱼,消毒处理效果不明显,条件适宜池体暂养3 d后,菌群结构趋于稳定,采用紫外灭菌方法可降低细菌总数但不能杀灭优势致病菌。冷冻处理冰鲜斑尾刺虾虎鱼,延长处理时间,从1 d到4 d、40 d、110 d,可使细菌种类明显变化,但优势菌稳定,且紫外灭菌后优势致病菌不能去除。而冷冻饵料南美白对虾和多春鱼紫外灭菌后细菌种类和数量均有减少。To prevent the bacterial disease caused by the bait in cultured Chinese sturgeon（ Acipenser sinensis） in Beijing aquarium,the bacterial distributions and sterilization effects of four kinds of live and frozen baits,Hexagrammos otakii, Acanthogobius ommaturus,Penaeus Vannamei and Malltus villosus,were studied. The results showed that two types of dominant bacteria were discovered with serious pathogenicity,belong to the Aeromonas and Acinetobacter. The species of bacteriain live baits and frozen baits were different. The dominant bacteria in live baits were A. hydrophila and two kinds of Non- Fermentative Gram- negative Bacteria,one was A. baumanii. The dominant bacteria in frozen baits wereA. lwoffii, A. hydrophila and A. Verona. The treatment methods of live and frozen baits included disinfection,temporarily raised,frozen and ultraviolet sterilization. For Hexagrammos otakii,the sterilization effect was not obvious. After 3days raising in a suitable pool,the flora structure tended to be stable,while the ultraviolet sterilization could reduce the total number of bacteria,but could not kill the dominant bacterial pathogens. For Acanthogobius ommaturus,the species of bacteria changed obviously after 1 d, 4 d, 40 d and 110 d freezing. The dominant bacteria were stable in differentfreezingdays. Also,the ultraviolet sterilization could be stable,but could not kill the dominant bacterial pathogens. For Penaeus Vannamei and Malltus villosus,the ultraviolet sterilization could reduce the numbers of bacteria and kill part of the dominant bacterial pathogens.

关 键 词：中华鲟(Acipenser sinensis) 天然饵料 细菌 灭菌方法 

分 类 号：S965.215.321[农业科学—水产养殖]