水氮耦合对黑河中游绿洲制种玉米光合特性的影响  

Effect of water and nitrogen coupling on photosynthetic characteristic of seed maize in the oasis of middle reach of Heihe River Basin

作　　者：陈延昭 张正[1] 韩国君[1] 郭艳红[1] 张凯[1] 陈年来[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2014年第2期72-76,共5页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31060072)

摘　　要：以黑河中游绿洲制种玉米为材料,研究了水氮耦合对制种玉米光合特性的影响.结果表明:制种玉米叶片净光合速率在拔节期末达到最高,平均值为27.66μmol/(m2·s),比苗期、灌浆期和成熟期平均高32.8%、22.5%和73.4%.其中,中水中氮处理玉米叶片净光合速率平均值为20.68μmol/(m2·s)表现出良好的水氮互作效应,在整个生育期显著提高了叶片的净光合速率,且与高水中高氮处理间差异不显著.叶片蒸腾速率、气孔导度的变化与光合速率的变化基本一致,但中水中氮处理的玉米叶片蒸腾速率显著低于其他处理,且瞬时水分效率较高,具有良好的节水作用;拔节期至灌浆期气孔导度的降幅明显低于光合速率和蒸腾速率.玉米叶片光合速率和蒸腾速率与气孔导度极显著正相关.研究发现,轻度亏水配合中等施氮量处理是黑河中游绿洲制种玉米高产、高水效的适宜水氮组合.Using seed maize in the oasis of middle reach of Heihe River Basin as materials,the effect of photosynthetic characteristic was investigated under different treatments of water and nitrogen coupling. The results indicated that photosynthetic rates reached the highest at the end of j ointing stage （average 27.66μmol/（m2 · s）,which was higher than seedling stage,booting stage and mature period 32.8%, 22.5%and 73.4% on average.The net photosynthetic rate significant increased during whole maize stages under mild water deficit with medium nitrogen treatment （average 20.68μmol/（m2 ·s））,which performed a better water nitrogen interactions.The change of transpiration rate and stomatal conductance were the same as photosynthetic rate.The transpiration rate of middle water and nitrogen treatment was significant lower than any other treatments,but had batter instantaneous water efficiency,which showed batter water saving effect.The decline of stomatal conductance was markedly lower than the photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate from j ointing stage to booting stage.The photosynthetic rate and transpiration rate was＆amp;nbsp;significant positive correlation with stomatal conductance.The experiments suggest that mild water deficit with medium amount of nitrogen is the appropriate treatment,which can have high yield and high water effect in the oasis of middle reach of Heihe river basin.

关 键 词：水氮耦合 制种玉米 光合特性 瞬时水分利用效率 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]