不同表层土壤管理措施对陇东果园土壤氮素矿化菌的影响  

Effect of groundcover soil approaches on nitrogen-mineralizing bacteria in loess plateau of east Gansu Province

作　　者：董星晨 刘国锋[1] 杨萍[1] 海龙[1] 邱慧珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]甘肃农业大学资源与环境学院,甘肃省干旱生境作物学重点实验室,甘肃兰州730070

出　　处：《甘肃农业大学学报》2014年第2期139-146,共8页Journal of Gansu Agricultural University

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200803031;201103004);甘肃省苹果产业科技攻关项目(GPCK2010-4);江苏省固体有机废弃物资源化高技术研究重点实验室开放课题(BM200720303);庆阳市星火计划项目

摘　　要：通过在甘肃省庆阳市果园进行试验,研究了2种不同表层土壤管理方式对土壤氮素矿化细菌、温度及含水量的影响.结果表明：覆膜处理（T2）与覆草处理（T3）土壤氨化细菌及亚硝化细菌数量均高于裸地（T1）,且 T3处理增加显著.全生育期内 T2、T3处理土壤氨化细菌数量较 T1处理分别增加7.74%~24.20%和29.31%~57.60%；T2、T3处理土壤亚硝化细菌数量分别较T1处理增加2.64%~142.07%和76.15%~215.15%.全期土壤温度整体呈现为单峰曲线,先升高后降低,但T2与T3处理对土壤温度的影响不同,其中T2处理全生育期较T1处理显著提高了土壤温度,且早春期间升温幅度明显,T3处理在4~6月土温不及 T1处理,7月后与 T1处理差异不明显.覆盖显著提高了0~60 cm土层土壤含水量,其中4~5月土壤含水量表现为T3〉T2〉T1,6月后表现为T2〉T3〉T1,但对60~100 cm土层含水量影响不明显.A field experiment was conducted in apple orchards of Qingyang City of Gansu Province to study on the changes in populations of soil nitrogen-mineralizing microorganisms under two groundcover approaches and its mechanisms.Straw mulching （T3 ）significantly increased the populations of ammonif-ying bacteria and nitrite bacteria compared with bare land（T1 ）,whereas there were no significant differ-ences in the populations of ammonifying bacteria and nitrite bacteria under film mulching （T2 ）compared with T1 .During the whole growing period,the population of ammonifying bacteria received T2 increased by 7.74%~24.20% relative to T1 ,meanwhile,this number also increased by 29.31%~57.60% under T3 compared with T1 .In addition,the population of nitrite bacteria received T2 and T3 increased by 2.64%~142.07% and 76.15%~215.15% compared with T1 ,respectively.Soil temperature showed a single peak curve in the whole growing stage,initially increased and then decreased.There were the obvious differences in soil temperature under T2 and T3 compared with T1 ,in details,T2 significantly increased soil temperature＆amp;nbsp;during the whole growing period compared with T1 and the great increase occurred in early spring,T3 de-creased soil temperature compared with T1 from April to June and there was not obvious shift in soil tem-perature compared with T1 after July.Both T2 and T3 significantly increased soil moisture in soil layer of 0~60 cm and in the order of T3〉T2〉T1 in April and May,T2〉T3〉T1 in June.There were not significant differences in soil moisture in the soil layer of 60~100 cm among three treatments.Groundcover approa-ches significantly affected the populations of soil nitrogen-mineralizing microorganisms through regulating soil temperature and soil moisture.

关 键 词：苹果园 表层土壤管理 氮素矿化菌 温度 水分 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]