连续13年稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田的稻麦连作麦田杂草种子库物种多样性变化  

Change in weed seed bank diversity over 13 consecutive years of riceduck and straw returning farming system in the rice-wheat rotated wheat fields

作　　者：赵灿[1] 戴伟民[1] 李淑顺[1] 魏守辉[1] 韦继光[2] 章超斌[1] 强胜[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学杂草研究室,南京210095 [2]广西大学农学院,南宁530005

出　　处：《生物多样性》2014年第3期366-374,共9页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项经费(201303022);国家科技支撑项目(2012BAD19B02)

摘　　要：稻鸭共作能有效控制稻田杂草的危害,但是它对后茬小麦田杂草的影响及其控制作用尚没有详细的报道。我们于2000–2012年对江苏丹阳稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田的有机稻麦连作田土壤杂草种子库进行了连续13年的观察实验。结果显示,稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田的措施使看麦娘(Alopecurus aequalis)、通泉草(Mazus japonicus)、碎米荠(Cardamine hirsuta)等18种麦田主要杂草的种子库均有较大幅度的降低,总体的降低幅度高达97%。除了Pielou指数处于小幅波动状态外,麦田杂草群落多样性指数整体呈下降趋势。丰富度下降表明杂草种子库向种类少、多样性低的方向演变。从Bray-Curtis指数和Jaccard相似性指数也可以得到同样的结论。可见,连续稻鸭共作兼秸秆还田能够降低下茬的麦田土壤里杂草种子密度及多样性,控制杂草危害。Research has shown that rice-duck farming systems can effectively control weed infestations in rice paddy fields,but it remains elusive how this type of system influences the dynamics and density of weeds in wheat fields.In order to explore the diversity of weeds in wheat field seed banks,we conducted a long-term experiment（13 consecutive years） to observe changes in weed seed bank diversity in rice-wheat rotated wheat fields in Danyang,Jiangsu Province.Results showed that the density of weed seeds in wheat field seed banks decreased continuously.The seed density of 18 weed species,including Alopecurus aequalis,Mazus japonicus,and Cardamine hirsuta,all decreased gradually with some annual fluctuations,and the overall rate of decrease for seeds of all weed species was 97%.Furthermore,rice-duck and wheat rotation farming decreased the richness,diversity,and evenness of weed species in wheat fields.Ecological indices implied a gradual change,which included fewer species,lower density,and lower diversity after adopting rice-duck and wheat return farming.The same conclusions could be drawn from both Jaccard＇s similarity indices and Bray-Curtis coefficient of weed communities in wheat fields.Consecutive implementation of rice-duck and wheat rotation farming can significantly decrease both density and biodiversity of weeds in the seed bank of these ecosystems.

关 键 词：稻鸭共作 秸秆还田 有机稻麦轮作 种子库动态 物种多样性 杂草群落相似性 杂草综合管理 

分 类 号：S451.3[农业科学—植物保护]