不同类型微/纳米铝粉点火燃烧特性研究  

Research on Ignition and Combustion Properties of Different Micro /nano-aluminum Powders

作　　者：李鑫[1] 赵凤起[1] 郝海霞[1] 罗阳[1] 徐司雨[1] 姚二岗[1] 李娜[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《兵工学报》2014年第5期640-647,共8页Acta Armamentarii

基　　金：国家科学自然基金项目(21173163);燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室基金项目(62202060103)

摘　　要：微/纳米铝粉在火炸药领域具有广泛的应用前景,为揭示其在推进剂中的燃烧机理,利用CO2激光点火装置对不同类型微/纳米铝粉点火燃烧性能进行了实验研究。研究结果表明:微/纳米铝粉配比中纳米铝粉含量越高,点火燃烧性能越好;80 nm铝粉的点火延迟时间稍大于120 nm铝粉,分析是由于活性铝含量降低其熔化所产生的内外压差变小所致。同时分析了微米铝粉与纳米铝粉的点火燃烧机理:经纳米镍粒子表面改性后微米铝粉点火燃烧性能有所改善,此时纳米镍粒子作为氧的载体;利用有机物包覆改性纳米铝粉,点火延迟时间增加,但结合其防止纳米铝粉氧化及自身能量性能两方面,采用含能聚合物包覆改性纳米铝粉仍具有很好的应用价值。Micro/nano-aluminum powders have extensive application prospect in the field of explosives and propellants. In order to reveal the combustion mechanism of micro/nano-aluminum powders in propellants, the ignition and combustion properties of different types of micro/nano aluminum powders are studied by COg laser ignition device. The results show that ignition and combustion properties of micro/ nano-aluminum powders are better than those of the nano-aluminum powders. Ignition delay time of 80nm aluminum powder is longer than that of 120 nm aluminum powder, which is caused by the decrease in the internal and external pressures because of the reduction in active aluminum content. Ignition and combustion mechanisms of micro/nano aluminum powders are analyzed. The ignition and combustion properties of micro-aluminum powders after surface modification by nickel nanopowders are improved, and the nickel nanoparticles are treated as the carrier of oxygen. Ignition delay time of aluminum nanoparticles coated with organic matter is increased. However, they could prevent the aluminum nanopowders from oxidating and enhance the energy performance. The energetic polymer is still seen to be well done in the surface coating of aluminum nanopowders.

关 键 词：兵器科学与技术 微/纳米铝粉 含能聚合物 纳米镍 复合粒子 激光点火 点火延迟时间 

分 类 号：V512.5[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]