当前小麦研究的国际热点  

Current Hotspots of International Wheat Research

作　　者：张英华[1] 王志敏[1] 周顺利[1] 王彬[1] 薛盈文[1] 刘云鹏[1] 王超[1] 奚文星[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学农学与生物技术学院,北京100193

出　　处：《科技导报》2014年第13期64-69,共6页Science & Technology Review

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD16B14);农业部公益性行业科研专项项目(201303133;201203031);国家小麦产业技术体系建议专项(CARS-3-1-25);北京市青年英才专项(31056101)

摘　　要：综述了当前国际上小麦研究的几个热点,包括小麦产量潜力的研究、优异种质资源的利用、气候变化与小麦生产、小麦抗非生物胁迫、小麦微量营养和小麦综合管理。分析表明,未来产量的提高应主要依靠生物产量的增长,在此基础上尽可能维持或增加收获指数;小麦种质资源丰富,含大量优异基因,可用于提高植株抗性和改善品质;全球变暖会威胁粮食安全,需提高小麦生产对气候变化的适应能力;提高小麦耐逆机能,除重视利用一般的生理机制外,需要更加突出地重视利用贮藏物质运转、持绿性、非叶光合机能、根系构型等重要性状;提高籽粒微量营养素含量可通过施肥、常规育种和转基因技术实现;实施小麦综合管理可克服小麦生产中的多个限制因子,通过发挥技术和要素的互作协同效应,实现小麦高产高效。This review focuses on recent advances in some key areas of wheat production, namely determination of potential yield, utilization of germplasm resources, resistance to abiotic stresses, micronutrient and integrated crop management. The main opinions are as follows： Raising wheat yield in the future may rely mainly on the growth of biomass, based on which the harvest index needs to be maintained or increased as much as possible. Wheat germplasm resources are rich, including a large number of excellent genes, which can be used to improve the resistance to adversity and quality. Global warming threatens food security, thus the adaptability of wheat production to climate change needs to be improved. To improve wheat resistance to adversity, important traits including translocation of reserves, the stay-green ability, non-leaf photosynthetic property and root system configuration should be considered as well as common physiological mechanisms. The biofortification of grain micronutrient can be realized by application of fertilizers, conventional plant breeding and genetic- engineering techniques. Application of integrated wheat management can overcome the multiple limiting factors in wheat production, and high yield and efficiency can be achieved by the synergistic interaction of technologies and elements.

关 键 词：小麦 产量潜力 种质资源 非生物胁迫 微量营养 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]