高原气候区玉米施用氮磷钾肥苗期的光合特性  

Photosynthetic Characteristics of Corn Applied with NPK Fertilizers in Seedling Stage in Plateau Climate Zone

作　　者：侯奕瑾[1] 刘翠花[1] 郭其强[2] 梁小龙[1] 艾阿兵[1] 吕铁柱[1] 

机构地区：[1]西藏大学农牧学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]西藏大学农牧学院高原生态研究所,西藏林芝860000

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2014年第4期47-50,54,共5页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家科技部农业科技成果转化项目(2012GB2F400430)

摘　　要：为探明不同肥料供给对高原气候区玉米苗期生长及光合特性的影响,测定了氮、磷、钾肥不同施肥处理40d玉米苗的光合参数。结果表明：施肥处理能提高玉米幼苗的株高、叶片数、总生物量和植株的光合作用能力;N、P、K全施能提高植株转化和利用光能的能力和植株的光能转化效率;不施N肥可明显降低玉米转化和利用光能的能力,但可提高植株的光能转化效率;与全施N、P、K肥相比,不施P、K肥对植株转化和利用光能和植株的光能转化效率影响不大。不同N、P、K配肥下,增P、K配肥可提高叶片气孔导度、表观量子效率和暗呼吸速率;增N、P配肥可提高叶片蒸腾速率;而增N、K配肥则可提高玉米叶片的水分利用效率。不同施肥处理玉米幼苗的表观量子效率在0.043～0.052,较符合实际情况,能够真实反映植物利用弱光的能力;非直角双曲线模型拟合的曲线较为合理,符合植物的光响应过程。To illustrate the effect of different fertilizer supplying on corn seedling growth and photosynthetic characteristics in Tibet,the authors determined the photosynthetic parameters of different fertilizer treatments of N,P,K on 40dcorn seedlings.Results：fertilization treatments could improve the plant height,leaf number,total biomass and photosynthesis ability of the corn seedling stage in plateau climate zone.The fertilization treatment of NPK could improve the ability of transformation and utilization of light energy,and light energy conversion efficiency of plant.Without N fertilizer treatment could obviously reduce the ability of transform and utilize the light energy of maize,but also could improve the light energy conversion efficiency of plant.Compared with the fertilization treatment of NPK,the impact was not obvious on plant transform and utilization of light energy and light energy conversion efficiency of plant through no use of P,K.Under the condition of different fertilization treatment of N,P,K, increasing P,K fertilizer could improve the leaf stomatal conductance,apparent quantum efficiency and dark respiration rate.Increasing N,P fertilizer could improve transpiration rate of leaf.On the other hand,increasing N,K fertilizer could improve the water use efficiency of the corn leaf.The apparent quantum yield（AQY）was 0.043～0.052,under different fertilizer treatments of corn seedling.Results conform to the actual situation and could truly reflect the ability of plants on using the weak light.Nonrectangular hyperbolic model were more reasonable because it was accordance with response to light of plant.

关 键 词：玉米 生长 光合特性 西藏 高原气候区 

分 类 号：S513[农业科学—作物学]