藏中牧区近年ET_0变化及气象影响因子分析  

Variation and Influences of ET_0 in Pastoral Area of Middle Tibet in Recent Years

作　　者：徐冰[1] 汤鹏程[1] 郭克贞[1] 赵世昌[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国水利水电科学研究院牧区水利科学研究所,内蒙古呼和浩特010020 [2]内蒙古农业大学水利与土木建筑工程学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010020

出　　处：《人民黄河》2014年第5期64-66,共3页Yellow River

基　　金：中国水利水电科学研究院科研专项(MK2012J05)

摘　　要：依据西藏当雄县1991—2012年5—9月的气象资料,应用FAO56 Penman-Montieth公式计算了ET0,并对其年际、月际变化特征及影响因素进行了分析。结果表明:①西藏当雄县1991—2012年作物生育期内ET0、最高气温、平均气温的年际变化均呈波动上升趋势,平均相对湿度呈逐年降低趋势,最高气温、平均相对湿度、平均气温、平均降雨量对ET0的年际波动有明显影响,影响的先后顺序为平均相对湿度>最高气温>平均气温>降雨量;②1991—2012年ET0的月平均值呈5—6月上升、7—9月下降的趋势,其中6月最大,9月最小;③作物生育期内不同月份ET0的主要影响因素不同,5、8、9月的最大影响因素为日照时数,6、7月分别为气温、降雨;④ET0的年变化主要受5—6月ET0波动的影响,7、9月次之,8月影响较小,反映出近年来藏中地区5—6月的气候变化要比其他月份的显著。According to the meteorological data between May and September from the year 1991 to 2012 in Dangxiong County,the reference evapo-transpiration was calculated by FAO56 Penman-Montieth formula. Variation and influences of annual evapotranspiration and monthly evapotranspi-ration also had been researched. The results show that：a）in Dangxiong County of Tibet,ET0 ,the highest temperature,average temperature are in rising interannual variability,while the average relative humidity is decreased year by year from 1991 to 2012 in the period of crop growth. The in-terannual fluctuation of ET0 has obviously been affected by the highest temperatures,average temperature,average relative humidity and average rainfall,and the order of influence is average relative humidity＆gt;the highest temperatures＆gt;average temperature＆gt;rainfall;b）from 1991 to 2012, monthly average of ET0 is rising in May and June and decreasing from July to September. The maximum and the minimum value appear in June and September respectively;c）the main influence factors to ET0 are different. The hours of sunshine is the main influence factors in May,August and September. The temperature and rainfall are key factor respectively in June and July;d）the interannual variability of ET0 is mainly affected by ET0 ’s fluctuation in May and June,followed in July and September,and August is smaller,hence,the climate change in May and June is more significant than the other months in the area of middle Tibet in recent years.

关 键 词：参考作物腾发量 气象因子 牧区 藏中 1991-2012 

分 类 号：P426.2[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]