国外黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液研究进展及应用展望  

FOREIGN STUDY ON VISCOELASTIC SURFACTANT FRACTURING FLUID AND ITS APPLICATION

作　　者：曹学军[1] 何兴贵[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化西南石油工程有限公司井下作业分公司

出　　处：《天然气勘探与开发》2014年第2期76-80,13-14,共5页Natural Gas Exploration and Development

摘　　要：黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液在纯水介质中形成球形胶束,在盐介质中,分子中的电荷被屏蔽,球形胶束演变成蠕虫状或柔性棒状胶束,进而形成高黏弹性的空间网状结构,实现对支撑剂的携带和造缝;遇地层中的油和水,胶束膨胀而崩解成低黏度的球形胶束,实现压裂液的自动破胶。国外黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液研究进展主要表现在4个方面:成胶破胶机理研究与认识、流变性的研究、伤害性的评价、研制新的疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂复合型压裂液。黏弹性表面活性剂压裂液具有摩阻低、伤害小、携砂性好和破胶黏度低等优点,在国外获得了广泛的应用。提高表面活性剂压裂液剪切后黏度的恢复能力和加强疏水缔合聚合物与表面活性剂复合压裂液的现场应用是表面活性剂压裂液研究发展的方向。In pure-water medium, viscoelastic surfactant fracturing fluid is formed into spherical micelle. In salt medium, this micelle changes into wormlike or flexible claviform micelle due to the screened charge in molecules,and then a space grid structure with high viscoelasticity will be formed to realize proppant carrying and fracture initia-tion. The micelle swells and slakes when it absorbs oil and water in formation, resulting in spherical micelle with low viscosity, and automatic gel breaking of the fracturing fluid can be realized. Some foreign study on viscoelastic surfac-tant fracturing fluid mainly focuses on 4 aspects: gel forming and breaking mechanism, rheological property, harmful-ness evaluation, and a new compound fracturing fluid of both hydrophobic associating polymer and surfactant. This fracturing fluid is featured by low friction, low damage, good sand-carrying capacity, and lower viscosity of gel break-ing. It has been widely applied abroad. And its future research is to raise the restorability of viscosity after shearing,and to strengthen the field application of compound fracturing fluid.

关 键 词：国外 黏弹性表面活性剂 压裂液 进展 应用 疏水缔合聚合物 

分 类 号：TE357.12[石油与天然气工程—油气田开发工程]