不同采伐干扰方式对热带山地雨林谱系结构的影响  

Impacts of Different Logging Methods on Phylogenetic Structure in Tropical Montane Rainforest of Hainan Island,China

作　　者：卜文圣[1] 许涵[2] 臧润国[1] 丁易[1] 张俊艳[1] 林明献[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所、国家林业局森林生态环境重点实验室,北京100091 [2]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第4期15-21,共7页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院院长基金(CAFYBB2011004-02);国家自然科学基金(31270474)

摘　　要：以海南岛热带山地雨林老龄林及经过择伐和皆伐后自然恢复约40年的次生林为研究对象,通过群落学调查和样地环境因子测定,分析不同干扰方式对群落组成及谱系结构的影响,探讨不同干扰方式下环境因素对群落谱系结构的影响。结果表明:历经40年的恢复,2种方式干扰后自然恢复次生林不同径级(1≤DBH<5 cm为幼树、5≤DBH<10 cm为小树、DBH≥10 cm为成年树)树种的丰富度已接近老龄林水平,其幼树、小树的多度显著高于老龄林,但其胸高断面积依旧显著低于老龄林;从老龄林、择伐后恢复的次生林到皆伐后恢复的次生林,群落幼树和总体的谱系结构由聚集转向发散,而成年树的谱系结构则恰好相反,小树的谱系结构基本上是随机的;在老龄林中,群落各个径级的谱系结构均随着海拔的升高由发散转向聚集;在择伐后恢复的次生林中,除成年树外,群落的谱系结构随土壤含水量的增加由聚集转向发散;在皆伐后恢复的次生林中,幼树的谱系结构随土壤有机质含量的增加由发散转向聚集,而小树和成年树的谱系结构则由聚集转向发散。Old growth stands and the secondary stands which were naturally regenerated from selective logging or clearcutting of old growth forest about 40 years ago in the tropical montane rainforest of Hainan Island were surveyed and compared. All trees and shrubs with diameter at breast height（ DBH） ≥ 1 cm were identified and measured,and environmental variables were measured in each plot. The variations of community composition and phylogenetic structure among different stands were examined by ANOVA to analyze the effect of the different disturbances. The multiple stepwise regression was used explore effects of the key environmental factors on the phylogenetic structure in different stands. The results showed that species richness of the secondary stands,on the 40 years recovery,almost reached to the level of oldgrowth forest. Abundances of saplings and young trees in the secondary stands were significantly higher than those in oldgrowth stands,whereas the basal area in the secondary stands was significantly lower than that in old-growth stands. Phylogenetic structures of saplings and all individuals changed from clustered to diverged,whereas phylogenetic structure of adult trees was opposite and phylogenetic structure of young trees was nearly random from old growth stands,the secondary stands recovered from selective logging to the secondary stands recovered from clear-cutting. In old-growth forest, phylogenetic structure of community was more clustered at high elevation than that at low elevation for all diameter classes. In the secondary stands recovered from selective logging,phylogenetic structure of community was more overdispersed under higher soil water content than that under lower soil water content in all diameter classes except for adult trees. In the secondary stands recovered from clear-cutting,contrasting to young trees and adult trees,phylogenetic structure of the saplings was more clustered in higher soil organic matter content than that in lower soil organic matter content.

关 键 词：群落组配 干扰体系 环境筛 采伐方式 净谱系亲缘关系指数 径级结构 

分 类 号：S752[农业科学—森林经理学]