海南油楠的重要生物学特性及产油特征  

Biological Characteristics and Oleoresin Production of Sindora glabra in Hainan Island

作　　者：吴忠锋 杨锦昌[1] 成铁龙[2] 尹光天[1] 许涵[1] 刘志龙[3] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院热带林业研究所,广州510520 [2]中国林业科学研究院科技管理处,北京100091 [3]中国林业科学研究院热带林业实验中心,凭祥532600

出　　处：《林业科学》2014年第4期144-151,共8页Scientia Silvae Sinicae

基　　金：中国林业科学研究院基本科研业务费专项(CAFYBB2011005-8);热林所基本科研业务费专项(RITFYWZX201206)

摘　　要：油楠（Sindora glabra）为苏木科（Caesalpiniaceae）油楠属（Sindora）植物,是国家二级重点保护野生植物（中国植物志,1988;中国重点野生植物名录,1999）,具有油用、药用、观赏和材用等多种用途（杨锦昌等,2011a;Carvalho et al.,2005;韩剑准,2001）。鉴于油楠具有多种利用价值,有关加强油楠基础研究和促进油楠资源开发利用的呼吁越来越多（李荣生等,2006）。Sindora glabra belongs to genus Sindora of family Caesalpiniaceae and is one of Second Class Key Protected Wild Plants in China with multiple uses. In order to further understand its biological characteristics and promote the conservation and utilization of its resources,we investigated the germplasm resources,distribution habitat,community characteristics,seed characteristics,and growing habitat of seedlings and adult plants. The oleoresin production biology was studied by drilling trunk and regularly collecting the oleoresin. The results showed that S. glabra plants distributed mainly in an attitude range of 200- 700 m downhill of the tropical lowland rain forest and the tropical ravine rain forest of Lingshui,Sanya,Wuzhishan,Ledong,Dongfang,Changjiang and Baisha. Most of them grew in yellow soil and laterite formed from granite without slope aspect preference. In the Jianfengling nature reserve S. glabra was scattered in the forest communities with the relative density of 0. 43% and relative frequency of 0. 87%. There was significant phenomenon of alternate bearing with mean fruiting period of 3. 5 years. The average seed length,width,thickness and grain weight of S. glabra were 1. 93 cm,1. 56 cm,1. 00 cm,2. 048 2 kg,respectively. Both seed size and grain weight were significantly different between populations and among individuals while the variation between populations was greater than that between individuals. Growth rate of one-year-old seedlings was less than 50 cm in height and about 0. 50 cm in ground diameter, indicating the S. glabra seedlings grew slowly compared with other tropical tree species. Growth speed of adult plants varied in different introducing areas of S. glabra with annual increment range of 0. 56- 1. 17 cm in DBH and 0. 22- 0. 61 m in height,respectively. S. glabra in natural forests grew slightly slower with the DBH and height increment of 0. 48 cm and 0. 17 m per year compared with in introducing areas,however it had the moderate growth compared with other tropical tree species. The

关 键 词：油楠 资源分布 产油特征 种子大小 结实习性 

分 类 号：S718.41[农业科学—林学]