抽穗扬花期淹涝胁迫对杂交稻的影响  

The Waterlogging Stress Influence Research in Heading and Flowering Period of Hybrid Rice

作　　者：宁金花[1] 霍治国[2] 黄晚华[3] 刘彬彧[1] 沈俊佑[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国气象局气象干部培训学院湖南分院,长沙410125 [2]中国气象科学研究院,北京100081 [3]湖南省气象科学研究所,长沙410007

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第9期71-76,共6页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"作物涝渍田间指标诊断"子课题"洪涝灾害监测预警与防控与应急关键技术研究与应用"(2012BAD20B02)

摘　　要：为了研究淹涝胁迫环境下,抽穗扬花期杂交稻形态特征及产量结构的变化,以杂交晚稻‘湘丰优103’为供试材料,在抽穗扬花期设计不同淹水深度及淹水时间的淹涝胁迫试验,通过测定淹水前后水稻绿叶数、气生根、倒伏状况、产量构成等因素的变化,分析杂交稻对淹涝胁迫环境的敏感性。结果表明,相同淹水深度,淹水时间与绿叶数变化量均呈极显著负相关关系。产生气生根的茎的比率与淹水深度呈负相关关系,与淹水时间呈正相关关系。抽穗扬花期发生的倒伏为茎倒伏,同一淹水深度,水稻植株的断茎百分率和淹涝时间呈极显著正相关关系。产量结构方面,抽穗扬花期对淹涝胁迫环境非常敏感,全淹5天以上,几乎绝收,全淹3天,结实率仅有28粒,比对照少74粒,产量非常低。通过研究淹涝胁迫环境下抽穗扬花期的杂交稻形态特征及产量结构的变化,明确了不同淹涝环境下抽穗扬花期杂交稻形态变化和产量因子的变化,了解了杂交稻对淹涝胁迫环境的适应机制和敏感性,为进行洪涝灾害致灾能力、强度的鉴定提供形态学和产量结构的数据基础。In order to study the influence of heading- flowering stage of hybrid rice morphological characteristics and yield structure under different waterlogging environment. We used the hybrid rice ‘Xiangfengyou 103＇as tested material, based on some traits related to growth development（e.g. rice leaf number, aerial root, lodging） and yield components, sensitivity variation of hybrid rice at heading-flowering stage were investigated comparatively under different experimental flooding depth and time length. Results showed that： with the same depth of submergence, the number of rice leaves had highly significant negative correlation with the length of submergence time. The ratio of the aerial root stem was positively correlated with length of flooding time and negatively correlated with flooding depth. Lodging occurred during headingflowering period was stem lodging there was a significantly positive correlation between the ratio of stem lodging and percentage of submergence time. About yield structure, hybrid rice at heading-flowering stage was very sensitive flooded more than 5 days, and almost have no harvest, more than 3 days, seed-setting rate of only 28 capsules, less than 74 grains of CK, yield was very low. By studying the morphological characteristics and yield structure changes in heading-flowering stage in waterlogging environment of hybrid rice, we knewthe changes of morphological characteristics and yield structure of hybrid rice in heading-flowering stage, we understood the adaptation mechanisms and environmental sensitivity of hybrid rice in waterlogging environment, these could provide the data base of morphology and yield structure for the identification of flood ability.

关 键 词：水稻 淹涝胁迫 绿叶数 气生根 茎倒伏 根倒伏 产量因子 

分 类 号：S166[农业科学—农业气象学]