河北省农田土壤养分平衡现状研究  

Present Situation of Soil Nutrient Balance in Hebei Province

作　　者：刘朝阳[1,2] 段英华[2] 杨莉[3] 王小利[1] 钱小平[4] 三岛慎一郎 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学农学院,贵阳550025 [2]中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所,北京100081 [3]农业部人力资源开发中心,北京100125 [4]日本国际农林水产业研究中心 [5]日本农业环境技术研究所

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第9期170-174,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：中-日合作项目"中国循环型生产(Recycling Production Project in China)和公益性行业(农业)科研专项"(201203030)

摘　　要：系统分析河北省农田主要养分的投入、产出与平衡状况,对农田养分高效管理与可持续利用具有重要理论与实践意义。本研究采用宏观与微观相结合的方法,详细分析了河北省2010年农田氮(N)、磷(P2O5)和钾(K2O)的养分投入量、输出量及收支平衡情况。其中,养分投入和损失来源包括化肥、有机肥、大气干湿沉降、灌溉水、生物固氮、种子养分等。结果表明:2010年河北省农田土壤氮、磷和钾养分投入量分别为280万t、116万t和96万t,其中化肥的投入量为186万t、96.8万t和40.0万t,占养分投入量的66.4%、83.4%和41.7%;人畜禽粪便的投入量为21.0万t、9.8万t和14.4万t,占养分投入量的7.5%、8.4%和15.0%。土壤氮、磷和钾养分输出量为240万t、66万t和99万t,盈余率为16.8%、77.1%和-3.2%;表明河北省土壤氮素和磷素处于盈余状态,而钾素处于轻微亏缺状态。因此河北省应采取稳氮、控磷、增钾的措施来保障农田养分供应和提升土壤肥力。Studies on nutrients（nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium） input, output and balance are critical for high efficiency and sustainable use of these nutrients on farmlands. The macro-scale and micro-scale analysis methods were used to analyze the input, output and balance of N, P2 O5 and K2 O in Hebei Province in 2010. The sources and losses of the nutrients were generally from chemical fertilizer, manure and urine, dry- wet precipitation, irrigation, microbial N-fixing, seeds, etc. The results indicated that the total inputs of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were 2800 kt, 1160 kt and 960 kt, while the inputs of N, P2 O5 and K2 O from chemical fertilizers were 1860, 968 and 400 kt, which accounted the total nutrient inputs for 66.4%, 83.4% and 41.7%, respectively. The inputs of N, P2 O5 and K2 O from manure and urine were 210 kt, 98 kt and 144 kt, which accounted the total nutrient inputs for 7.5%, 8.4% and 15.0%, respectively. The outputs of N, P2 O5 and K2 O were respectively 2400, 660 and 990 kt, while surplus rates of N and P2 O5 were 16.8% and 77.1% but deficit rate of K2 O was-3.2%. It concluded that the management measures of stabilizing nitrogen input, decreasing phosphorus input and increasing potassium input should be taken into account for the supply of farmland nutrients and improvement of soil fertility.

关 键 词：养分平衡 输入、输出 盈亏率 河北省 

分 类 号：S158.5[农业科学—土壤学]