基于DNA指纹建立农作物品种身份证的方法探析  

Perspectives on the Establishment of A Crop Identity System Based on DNA Fingerprinting

作　　者：陆徐忠[1] 马琳[1] 倪金龙[1] 张小娟[2] 杨剑波[1] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院水稻研究所,合肥230031 [2]安徽省农业科学院棉花研究所,安徽安庆246003

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第9期248-252,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家科技支撑项目"长江中下游地区两系杂交稻可持续发展关键技术研究及应用"(2012BAD07B01)

摘　　要：为解决种子生产、经营和知识产权保护中存在的突出问题,本文提出了构建农作物品种身份证及建立品种身份证制度。在借鉴人类身份证建立模式基础上,将品种的商品信息、指纹信息及特异基因信息相结合,构建农作物的品种身份证。农作物品种身份证由3部分构成：第1部分称为商品码,反映作物及品种类别、品种选育（或审定）的区域和时间等,预设14位阿拉伯数字（或字母）；第2部分称为指纹码,反映品种的DNA指纹信息,依据作物类型不同预设20～40位阿拉伯数字（或字母）；第3部分称为补充码（特异基因识别码）,反映品种的特异基因信息,设计为字母＂T＂（转基因育种）、＂S＂（分子育种）和＂M＂（诱变育种）等,加上被导入、渗入或诱变的基因名称；身份证总位数约50位。采用本方法编码的农作物品种身份证,具有准确性高、通用性强及可追溯性等特点,对我国农作物品种的科学识别和管理具有十分积极的意义。To solve outstanding problem existing in seed production, management and protection of intellectual property rights, this paper put forward the construction of crop variety identity card（ID） and set up variety ID management system. Take example by human ID, The variety commodity information, the fingerprint information, combining with the specific genetic information to construct crop variety which should include three components： part 1 was called commodity code（14 characters）, reflect crop, cultivar, and breeding（or approval） region and time; Part 2 was called fingerprint code（from 20 to 40 characters, depending on different crop type）, reflecting the varieties of DNA fingerprint information; Part 3 was called the complement code（specific gene identification number）, reflecting specific genetic information of the cultivar, using the letter ＂T＂ with the gene name to represent GMO crop, ＂S＂ with the gene name to represent MAS crop, and ＂M＂ with the gene name to represent mutant line, etc; The complete code was about 50 characters long. Cultivar ID card numbers encoded by this method was highly accurate, versatile, and traceable and would facilitate scientific and standardized management of crop cultivars in China.

关 键 词：品种身份证 商品码 指纹码 特异基因识别码 条码表述 

分 类 号：S184[农业科学—农业基础科学]