农药在蔬菜中的残留动态及降解规律研究  

Study on the Degradation of Pesticides Residues in a Closed Environment

作　　者：袁大伟[1,2,3,4] 吕卫光[1,2,3,4] 李双喜[1,2,3,4] 郑宪清[1,2,3,4] 何七勇[1,2,3,4] 张娟琴[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院生态环境保护研究所,上海201403 [2]上海市农业环境保护监测站,上海201403 [3]上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201403 [4]农业部上海农业环境与耕地保护科学观测实验站,上海201403

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2014年第9期317-320,共4页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目(沪农科攻字(2011)第6-2号);现代农业资源循环利用技术的集成与示范(沪农科重字(2011)第1-3号);上海市科技兴农推广项目(沪农科推字(2012)第1-3号);上海市科委重点攻关项目"面源污染防控技术"(12231204502)

摘　　要：为了寻找有效降低蔬菜中农药残留的方法,促进蔬菜产业的健康发展,本研究选用百菌清、氰戊菊酯、乐果3种使用广泛、具有代表性的农药为试验材料,采用气相色谱法测定蔬菜上农药的残留动态。结果表明：施药当天氰戊菊酯、乐果、百菌清3种农药在生菜中的残留量要明显高于番茄,分别高出42.9%、44.9%、57.8%,第7天3种农药在番茄和生菜的残留量分别为154～285μg/kg、258～528μg/kg。施药当天乐果、百菌清、氰戊菊酯3种农药在大棚中芹菜上的残留量较露地分别高出2.9%、7.1%、6.0%。在5～20天期间露地芹菜的农药降解速度也明显高于大棚。氰戊菊酯的沉降试验表明：1天内沉降量为农药用量的8.77%～19.64%。农药在蔬菜上的起始浓度与蔬菜食用部分表面积比有关；大棚蔬菜的农药降解速度要明显慢于露地蔬菜农药的降解速度；农药的沉降现象是影响大棚农药残留量的重要因素。The aims were to seek for the method of reduce pesticide residues of vegetables in greenhouse, and promote the healthy development of vegetable industry. Chlorothalonil, fenvalerate and dimethoate was selected as the test material. The degradation characteristics of pesticide residues were studied. The results showed that in the first day, fenvalerate, dimethoate, chlorothalonil residues in lettuce were higher than that of tomato respectively 42.9%, 44.9%, 57.8%. In seventh day, tomato and lettuce pesticide residues were 154-285 μg/kg, 258-528 μg/kg. The first day, dimethoate, chlorothalonil, fenvalerate residues in celery of greenhouse was higher than that of field respectively 2.9%, 7.1%, 6%. During 5-20 days, the pesticide degradation rate of field was also higher than that in greenhouse. The initial concentration related with edible part surface area ratio of vegetable. Pesticide degradation rate of greenhouse vegetables was obviously slower than the field vegetables. Subsidence phenomenon of pesticides was an important factor in the impact of pesticide residues.

关 键 词：百菌清 乐果 氰戊菊酯 残留动态 降解规律 

分 类 号：S-3[农业科学]