“政治博弈”与“国家构建”——辛亥革命场域的外蒙古问题  

Political Game and State-Building:Outer Mongolia in the Field of 1911 Revolution

作　　者：冯建勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国社会科学院,北京100005

出　　处：《青海民族研究》2014年第2期130-140,共11页Qinghai Journal of Ethnology

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目<民国时期中央政府对边疆地区之统合研究>阶段性成果;项目编号:11CZS026

摘　　要：辛亥革命以来,民初中央政府与外蒙古地方的政治磨合略显吃力,后者对中央政府的政治认同度不高。此间,外蒙古王公喇嘛对未来之政治趋向做了设计,遂宣布"独立",建立"大蒙古国"。其后俄国插手其中,事态遂演变成一局中俄蒙三方参与的政治博弈。伴随着中俄蒙三方展开的政治博弈,其背后之目标是为了完成"国家构建"。尽管南京临时政府以及之后的北京政府以构建国家认同为路径,通过劝谕、册封、立法、厚给利益、教育统合等诸手段,加强了与外蒙古地区的联系,并在一定程度上实现了对该地区之统合。然而,由于历史继承生因素和俄国的插手,使得这一国民统合之进程从整体来说,实效不足。但不管怎样,此间通过与俄国、外蒙古之政治博弈,促使外蒙古宣布放弃"国家构建",在某种程度上获得了一种对外宣扬和阐释统合外蒙古地方的合法形象,随后还将外蒙古地方纳入其行政管理之下,亦可称得上是一种成功。During the early time of Republic of China, relation between the central government and local government of Outer Mongolia was somewhat difficult. What＇s more, the Outer Mongolia＇s political identity was not strong to the Central authorities. The Princes and Lama subsequently declared ＂independence＂. During that time, the Russian intervened in Outer Mongolia, the situation had gradually become a political game among Russia, China and Outer Mongolia behind which the goal is to finish state-building. Although the Nanjing Provisional Government and the later Beijing government reconstructed the path of national identity by legislation, advice, canonization, interests, education integration and other conciliatory measures, strengthening local ties with the Outer Mongolia, and to some extent achieving the aim of integration of the border region. However, due to the inherent historical factors and the Russia factor, the actual effect of national integration from the whole was insufficient. Whatever, the china government caused Outer Mongolia give up building a state by the political game, to some extend proceeding administration on Outer Mongolia, which could be seen as the success of the central government of China.

关 键 词：辛亥革命 民初中央政府 外蒙古 俄国 政治博弈 国家构建 

分 类 号：K257[历史地理—历史学]