哈尼族传统林业知识对森林生物多样性的影响与分析  

Study on Impact of Hani People's Traditional Forest Knowledge on Forest Biodiversity

作　　者：杨京彪[1,2] 郭泺[2] 成功[2] 薛达元[2,3] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学自然保护区学院,北京100083 [2]中央民族大学生命与环境科学学院,北京100081 [3]环境保护部南京环境科学研究所,南京210042

出　　处：《云南农业大学学报（自然科学版）》2014年第3期307-314,共8页Journal of Yunnan Agricultural University:Natural Science

基　　金：中央民族大学高等学校学科创新引智计划(B08044);国家自然基金项目(31370480)

摘　　要：以哈尼族聚居区的森林为研究对象揭示哈尼族传统林业知识对森林生物多样性的影响及其原因。通过野外调查和统计分析表明:哈尼族拥有丰富的传统林业知识,其聚居区周边的神林、私有承包林和退耕还林地在群落结构和乔木物种多样性两方面存在显著差异,3种林地乔木物种丰富度以及Marglef指数、Gleason指数、Shannon-Wiener指数、Simpson指数等一致表现出私有承包林>神林>退耕还林地的趋势,显著水平均达到F0.01。私有承包林拥有最高的乔木物种多样性,神林保留了更多的本地树种,并成为野生动植物的避难所,而退耕还林地则面临树种高度单一化和紫茎泽兰入侵的威胁。结合生态学和社会学理论分析认为:当地哈尼族传统林业知识中宗教文化、习惯法和传统林业管理是造成森林群落结构和乔木物种多样性差异的主要因素,对林地进行功能划分、权属确定和差异化利用的传统林业管理是实现林业可持续发展的保证。地方社区传统林业知识与林业改革的融合可能成为促进哈尼族社区林业发展的新途径。Traditional forest knowledge takes an important place on the management and utilization of forests in the ethnic minority areas of China. Based on the field survey and qaadrat analysis on the sa- cred forests, family contracted forests and collective rehabilitative forests, it showed there was a signifi- cant difference on community structure and tree species diversity among the 3 types of the forests, and indicated the coincident trend that family contracted forests had a higher diversity of trees highest inde- xes of Marglef, Gleason, Shannon-Wiener and Simpson, following by the sacred forests and the collec- tive rehabilitative forests, with a significant level of F0 01. In addition, the family contracted forests had the highest tree biodiversity index, and the sacred forests maintain abundant of native tree species and were the refuge for the endangered species. By contrast, the collective rehabilitative forests were threatened by the simplification of tree species and invasion of Eupatorium adenophorum. Synthesized the sociological investigation on traditional forest knowledge of local communities, we have recognized that Hani people＇s religious culture, customary law and indigenous knowledge in forest management are the key factors to effect the community structures and tree rs diversity of the three types of the forests. The reasonable functional partitioning, land tenure policy and different forest management approaches are a promise to achieve sustainable forestry development. The combination of traditional forest knowl- edge of local communities and forestry reforming may be an alternative approach to promote forestry de- velopment in Hani communities.

关 键 词：社区林业管理 习惯法 宗教文化 神林 林业改革 

分 类 号：F326.20[经济管理—产业经济]