不同结构的Gemini乳化剂对纳米苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物乳液性能的影响  

Effect of Gemini emulsifiers with different structures on properties of styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer nano-emulsion

作　　者：王凯[1] 赵路[1] 谢丽[1] 柴仕淦[1] 张金枝[1] 邹其超[1] 

机构地区：[1]湖北大学化学化工学院,武汉430062

出　　处：《合成橡胶工业》2014年第3期173-177,共5页China Synthetic Rubber Industry

基　　金：2011年国家重大科学仪器设备开发专项资助项目(2011 YQ 12003505)

摘　　要：采用自制的一系列含有不同联接基团的季铵盐型阳离子Gemini表面活性剂为乳化剂,制备了阳离子型纳米苯乙烯（St）-丙烯酸丁酯（BA）共聚物乳液,考察了3种Gemini表面活性剂及其用量对乳液形态结构及性能的影响,并提出了乳胶粒子的形成机理.结果表明,3种中间联接基团不同的Gemini表面活性剂（12-3-12、12-4-12、12-6-12）的临界胶束浓度（CMC）均比相应的单链表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵低2个数量级,而这3种Gemini表面活性剂的CMC值相近;以3种Gemini表面活性剂作为乳化剂制备St-BA乳液具有很好的聚合稳定性,单体转化率高,乳液的总固物质量分数接近30％,乳胶粒子为球形,其粒径为50～66 nm,分布较窄;随着乳化剂12-3-12用量的增加,乳胶粒子粒径变化不大,分布较窄,凝胶量逐渐减小;当乳化剂用量为1.2g时,乳液固含量和单体转化率最小,当乳化剂用量超过1.8g时,乳液固含量和单体转化率变化不大;随着乳化剂12-4-12用量的增加,乳胶粒子粒径变化也不大,乳化剂对其他性能的影响规律与乳化剂12-3-12相同;随着乳化剂12-6-12用量的增加,乳液的凝胶量减小,固含量与单体转化率增加;含Gemini乳化剂的乳胶粒子是通过胶束成核形成的.The styrene-butyl acrylate copolymer cationic nano-emulsions were synthesized with a series of quaternary ammonium salt Gemini surfactants with different spacer groups as emulsifier,and the effects of molecular structure and amount of three kinds of Gemini emulsifier on the morphology and properties of the nano-emulsions were investigated.And the formation mechanism of latex particles was put forward.The results showed that the critical micelle concentration （CMC） values of three Gemini surfactants （12-3-12,12-4-12,12-3-12） were two magnitudes lower than that of the corresponding monomeric surfactant dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide,and the CMC values of the three Gemini surfactants were nearly the same.The synthesis of nanoemulsions with the three Gemini emulsifiers displayed quite good polymerization stability and high monomer conversion.The total solid mass fraction of emulsion closed to 30％,and the latex particles were spheroids with size of 50-66 nm,which distribution was narrow and were spheroidal.With the increase of emulsifier 12-3-12,the size of latex particle changed little and maintained narrow distribution,but the gel mass fraction decreased.When the emulsifier amount was 1.2 g,the solid content in emulsion and monomer conversion were minimum and when the emulsifier dosage exceeded 1.8 g,solid content and monomer conversion changed little; With increasing the emulsifier 12-4-12,the latex particle size changed scarcely and other performances variated followed the same influence regularity of emulsifier 12-3-12; As the emulsifier 12-6-12 increased,the gel mass fraction in emulsion decreased,the solid content and monomer conversion increased.The latex particles containing Gemini surfactant were formed by micelle nucleation.

关 键 词：GEMINI表面活性剂 乳液聚合 纳米苯乙烯-丙烯酸丁酯共聚物乳液 粒径 凝胶 转化率 胶束 

分 类 号：TQ423[化学工程]