从侵权角度看保险人的恶意拒赔--以美国保险法中的恶意侵权为例  

The Insurer's Bad Faith in Denial of Claims——from the Perspective of Tort of Bad Faith in American Insurance Law

作　　者：白江[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学法学院 [2]上海市长宁区检察院

出　　处：《北方法学》2014年第3期18-27,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目“公司社会责任与公司治理研究”(项目编号10CFX070);复旦大学“985工程”三期整体推进社会科学研究项目“城市土地空间权利体系和三维地籍管理法律问题研究”(项目编号2012SHKXQN014)的部分研究成果

摘　　要：在美国,保险人没有合理的基础却恶意地拒赔或拖赔被保险人的索赔时,可以适用恶意侵权责任对其进行规制。该责任是以合同中当事人应善意而公平交易的默示约定为基础的,它于合同之外而构成独立的侵权责任。恶意侵权责任最早见诸于第三方保险之中,其后扩展到第一方保险,表现为保险人将自己的利益凌驾于被保险人之上而拒绝赔付保险索赔或者拒绝与第三方原告进行和解,因而造成被保险人的损失。在责任范围上,恶意侵权责任包括保险金、律师费、精神损害赔偿和惩罚性赔偿等。尽管还没有得到完全一致的认可,但是保险人的恶意侵权责任在美国已经得到了长足的发展,对于我国实践也有借鉴意义。In America, the insurer may be sanctioned by tort of bad faith when it denies or delays the claim of the insured .The tort of bad faith is based on the implied agreement in contracts that both parties should make fair deals in good faith , while it constitutes an independent tort liability .The tort of bad faith is first found in the third-party insurance and then applied to the first -party insurance in the main form that the insurer denies the claim of the insured or refuses settlement with the third -party plaintiff in order to attach more importance to its own interests , thus resulting in losses from the insured .With regard to the scope of liabilities, the tort of bad faith includes the insurance premium , the attorney’ s fee, emotional distress damages and punitive damages .The tort of bad faith has achieved great development in America though without totally consistent approval from theory and practice .It can definitely act as good reference to China ’ s law practice .

关 键 词：恶意侵权责任 第一方保险 第三方保险 责任范围 

分 类 号：DF438.4[政治法律—经济法学]