长期不同施肥对早稻田间杂草生物多样性的影响  

Effects of Different Long-term Fertilization Methods on the Biodiversity of Weeds in Early Rice Fields

作　　者：孙改格[1,2,3,4] 谢桂先[1,2,3,4] 廖育林[5] 汪珍川[1,2,3,4] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]土壤肥料资源高效利用国家工程实验室,湖南长沙410128 [3]农田污染控制与农业资源利用湖南省重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [4]植物营养湖南省普通高校重点实验室,湖南长沙410128 [5]湖南省土壤肥料研究所,湖南长沙410125

出　　处：《湖南农业科学（下半月）》2014年第4期28-31,共4页

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31100310);国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD15B04)

摘　　要：采用群落生态学方法,在长沙市望城区一持续30 a的长期定位试验基地调查9种施肥方式对早稻田间杂草生物多样性的影响。结果表明:早稻田共发现杂草10种。不同施肥处理小区中杂草种类以施N、P、K肥和稻草处理最少,只施N、K化肥处理最高(8种);以稗(Echinochloa crusgalli)、鸭舌草(Monochoria vaginalis)、矮慈姑(Sagittaria pygmaea)和双穗雀稗(Paspalum distichum)4种杂草发生密度较大,它们分别在不同施肥处理中占据优势。N、P、K肥平衡施用和有机无机肥配施处理,促进了早稻的生长,水稻植株繁茂,光照透过率低,早稻良好的长势限制了稻田杂草对土壤水、肥及光照的利用,进而抑制杂草的生长,显著降低田间杂草的总密度,使其发生危害程度得到有效抑制。The effects of nine different fertilization methods on biodiversity of weeds in early rice field were investigated by synecology method in a base in Wangcheng County of Changsha City where conducting long-term fixed experiment for 30 a constantly. The results showed that total 10 weed species was found in early rice field; among different fertilization treatments, the treatments applied with nitrogen fertilizer （N）, phosphorus fertilizer （P）, potassium fertilizer （K） and straw had the least weed species, and the treatments applized with nitrogen fertilizer and potassium fertilizer had the most weed species （eight species）; Echinochloa crusgalli, Monochoria vaginalis, Sagittaria pygmaea Miq. and Paspalum distichum had relatively high density, and they had dominat positionin in different treatments;balanced application of N, P and K and combined applicaiton of organic fertilizer and inorganic fertilizer all can significantly change the compositions of weed community in early rice field, and reduce the dominant position of dominanted weeds in community, thus inhibiting the damage degree of the weeds.

关 键 词：长期施肥 生物多样性 稻田 杂草 总密度 

分 类 号：S147.3[农业科学—肥料学]