烟农19叶绿素荧光、光合特性及产量对播期和密度的响应  

Response of Chlorophyll Fluorescence,Photosynthetic Characteristics and Yield of Yannong 19 to Sowing Date and Density

作　　者：张向前[1,2] 杜世州[1,2] 曹承富[1,2] 乔玉强[1,2] 赵竹[1,2] 张耀兰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]安徽省农业科学院作物研究所,安徽合肥230031 [2]安徽省农作物品质改良重点实验室,安徽合肥230031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第2期133-140,共8页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201303102);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD04B09;2011BAD16B06;2013BAD07B08)

摘　　要：为明确播期和密度对小麦光合效应及产量的影响,研究了6个播期和4种密度对小麦品种烟农19（半冬偏冬性）的影响。结果表明,同一播期下,小麦抽穗期和灌浆中期的叶面积指数随密度的增加而增加,并以10月10日（S2、正常播种）和10月17日（S3、适度晚播）播种的最高。同一密度下,小麦不同生育期的叶绿素含量及灌浆中期的各叶绿素荧光参数（Fo、Fm、Fv/Fm、ETR和ΦpsⅡ）皆以10月10日和10月17日播种的最高,且同一播期下随密度的增加而降低。播期和密度对小麦光合速率、气孔导度、胞间CO2浓度和蒸腾速率具有明显的影响,并在合理播期10月10日和10月17日及适宜密度120万株/hm^2（M1）和210万株/hm^2（M2）下表现最优。2年小麦高产播期密度组合皆为S2M1、S2M2、S3M1和S3M2,其产量2011年分别为7 892.8,7 978.6,7 996.2,8 020.6 kg/hm^2,2012年分别为7 911.5,7 978.6,7 970.1,8 032.9 kg/hm^2。相关分析表明,小麦叶面积指数与产量呈二次抛物线的关系,叶绿素含量、光合速率和实际光化学效率与产量呈直线正相关关系。研究得出,淮北地区烟农19的适宜播期为10月10日-10月17日,适宜密度为基本苗120-210万株/hm^2。In order to understand the impact of sowing date and density on photosynthetic effect and yield of wheat,the effect of six sowing dates and four kinds of planting densities on wheat variety of Yannong 19（ Semi-winter and inclined to winterness） was studied. The results showed that the leaf area index of wheat at heading and middle of filling stages was increased with the increasing of planting density under the same sowing date,and the sowing dates of October 10（ S2,normal sowing date） and October 17（ S3,moderately late sowing） had the highest values. Under the same planting density,the highest values of chlorophyll content at different growth stages and each chlorophyll fluorescence parameter（ Fo,Fm,Fv/ Fm,ETR and ΦpsⅡ） at middle of filling stage were all appeared at the sowing dates of October 10 and October 17,and they decreased with the increasing of plant density under the same sowing date. The photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and transpiration rate of wheat were obviously influenced by sowing date and planting density,and they performed the best under reasonable sowing date of October 10 and October 17 and suitable density of 120 × 10^4/ ha and 210 × 10^4/ ha. The two-year high yield combinations of sowing date and density were S2M1,S2M2,S3M1 and S3M2,and the yields of 2011 were 7 892. 8,7 978. 6,7 996. 2,8 020. 6 kg / ha,of 2012 were 7 911. 5,7 978. 6,7 970. 1,8 032. 9 kg / ha,respectively.Correlation analysis revealed that the leaf area index of wheat had a quadratic parabola relationship with yield,and chlorophyll content,photosynthetic rate and actual photochemical efficiency were positively correlated to yield with the shape of a straight line. The study indicated that the suitable sowing date of Yannong 19 in Huaibei area was October 10- October 17,and the reasonable density was the basic seedling 120- 210 × 10^4/ ha.

关 键 词：叶面积指数 叶绿素含量 光合速率 叶绿素荧光 

分 类 号：S572.01[农业科学—烟草工业]