长期施肥对玉米籽粒中植物必需营养元素含量的影响  

Effects of Long-term Fertilization on Contents of Plant Essential Nutrient in Maize Grain

作　　者：王朔林 王改兰[1] 杨艳菊[1] 赵旭[1] 陈春玉[1] 黄学芳 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学资源环境学院,湖南长沙410128 [2]山西农业科学院旱地农业研究中心,山西太原030031

出　　处：《华北农学报》2014年第2期208-212,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica

基　　金：国家国际科技合作专项(2011DFR31230)

摘　　要：为了探明栗褐土上长期施肥对玉米籽粒中植物必需营养元素含量的影响,在长期定位施肥试验的第25年,研究了不同施肥处理玉米籽粒中N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Cu、Zn、B、Mo的含量。结果表明：长期施用不同肥料不同程度地提高了玉米籽粒氮、铁、锰、硼的含量,其中,氮的提高幅度为20.5%-48.6%,以处理M1NP、NP、M2N效果更明显。铁的增幅为4.92%-40.5%,随施用肥料种类和数量的增加而增加,锰的增幅为3.53%-10.2%,硼为0.41%-25.3%,以M1NP处理的效果更明显。磷肥和有机肥及有机无机配施可有效提高玉米籽粒磷和钾含量,磷以M1、M1N处理的效果更明显,较对照增加78.4%,82.4%,钾以M1处理的效果更明显,较对照增加62.1%。有机肥还可有效提高玉米籽粒镁含量,与化肥配施效果更佳,较对照提高幅度为5.52%-20.9%。长期施用氮肥、磷肥和有机肥对玉米籽粒Ca、Zn、Cu、Mo的含量无明显影响。To ascertain the effects of long-term fertilization on the content of plant essential element in maize grain on the cinnamon soil,at the 25 th year of the long-term fertilization experiment,the contents of N,P,K,Ca, Mg,Fe,Mn,Cu,Zn,B,Mo in maize grain under different treatments was studied. The results showed that the contens of N,Fe,Mn,B in maize grain under the different fertilizer were all increased more or less. The increase of contents of N ranged from 20. 5% to 48. 6%,especially under the treatment of M1NP,NP,and M2N. The Fe contens of maize grain increased from 4. 92% to 40. 5%,with the increasing of application amount and type. Mn and B increased from 3. 53% to 10. 2% and from 0. 41% to 25. 3% respectively,furthermore there was a significant effect with the treatment of M1NP on Mn and B contents. P and K contents of grains can be effectively increased by P fertilizer with organic fertilizer application and organic-inorganic application. The contents of P was significantly increased by 78. 4% and 82. 4% respectively in treatments of M1,M1N,while contents of K was significantly increased by 62. 1% in M1treatment compared with CK. Contents of Mg can be effectively increased by organic fertilizer application,especially with chemical fertilizer,the contents increased from 5. 52% to 20. 9%. In contrast,there was no significant effect of long-term N fertilizer application,P fertilizer application and organic fertilizer application on contents of Ca,Zn,Cu,Mo in grains.

关 键 词：长期施肥 玉米 籽粒 营养元素 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]