基于“局部-整体”映射有限元的大型焊接结构变形仿真研究  

Deformation Simulation of Large Welding Structure Based on “Local-global” Finite Element Method

作　　者：李娅娜[1] 谢素明[1] 兆文忠[1] 

机构地区：[1]大连交通大学交通运输工程学院,大连116028

出　　处：《机械工程学报》2014年第8期40-44,共5页Journal of Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国际合作(2010DFB80050-1);国家科技支撑计划(2013BAG21Q01)资助项目

摘　　要：大型焊接结构的制造成本高,生产周期长,其焊接变形的研究的主要问题是仿真计算效率低,计算周期长。以动车组铝合金侧墙为研究对象,根据实际的焊接工艺参数,采用物理试验与仿真热源校核对比的方法,对两种焊接接头进行热源模型模拟,给出较真实的热源模型,并建立两种接头的精细三维模型,进行局部模型的仿真计算,给出其纵向及横向的焊接残余应力的分布情况,基于'局部-整体'映射有限元法,提取接头三维局部残余塑变模型,并映射到整体薄壳模型,实现动车组铝合金侧墙的焊接变形数值模拟,仿真计算结果与物理试验测试结果基本吻合,证明该方法及仿真模型的合理性,解决了实际工程中大型焊接结构的变形计算问题,为进一步焊接变形的控制研究提供实用的理论依据。The manufacturing period and cost of large welding structure are very high. The main problems for welding deformation which influencing the welding quality are low calculation efficiency and long calculation period, Take CRH aluminum side-wall as studying object, heat source models of two welding joints are simulated according to practical welding parameters using compared method of heat source adjustment with physical experiment, The precise 3D local models are established, the distributions of transverse residual stress and longitudinal residual stress on two welding joints are obtained. Based on ＂local-global＂ finite element method which extracts local residual plastic strains on 3D solid models and project on the whole 2D shell model, welding deformations of side-wall are computed. The calculations are coincided with the experimental results which indicate the reasonability of the finite element model. This method can solve the problem of welding deformation calculation for large welding structure, and provide theoretical basis for welding deformation control of large welding structure.

关 键 词：大型焊接结构 焊接变形 热源校核 “局部-整体”映射有限元 

分 类 号：TG404[金属学及工艺—焊接]