身体活动干预的时间成本—效果分析研究评述  

Research Progress on Cost-Effectiveness of Physical Activity Intervention:Effectiveness and Time Cost

作　　者：李文川[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]上海大学社会学博士后流动站,上海200444 [2]中国计量学院体育军事部,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第2期155-160,共6页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：中国博士后科学基金项目(项目编号:2013M531158)

摘　　要：当前,慢性非传染性疾病已构成全球50%的疾病负担,而身体活动不足是慢性疾病高发的重要风险因素之一,由身体活动不足导致的直接和间接医疗费用占医疗总支出的3%左右。身体活动干预成为各国政府应对由身体活动不足引起的公共健康危机的重要手段。在社会资源有限的前提下,政府决策者需要在多种健康发展策略中做出选择,这就需要引入效益评价工具。成本-效果分析法是从经济学、社会学角度评价不同健康政策的重要工具,并在身体活动领域得到了广泛应用。通过梳理经典文献,从慢性疾病的经济成本、成本-效果计算办法、QALY、DALY的引入以及身体活动干预成本-效果中的时间成本计算入手,分析了成本-效果在身体活动干预领域的运用以及存在的问题。研究认为:身体活动干预具有一定的成本-效果,不同的干预方法产生的成本-效益具有差异性;与医疗手段相比,身体活动干预具有成本-效果优势,对身体活动干预成本-效果影响最大的是时间成本的计算。建议,身体活动研究应建立跨学科的研究平台,在成本-效果计算中应引入"偏好"系数和折现率,在横向比较过程中应计算不同货币的汇率水平。Currently, chronic non-communicable diseases constituted 50% of the global burden of disease, and physical inactivity was one of high important risk factors for chronic disease. The direct and indirect medical cost about 3% of total health expenditure was caused by physical inactivity. Physical activity in- tervention had become an important tool to public health crisis by government. On the premise of our social resources are limited, the government had many choices among variety of health policies, so it would need an evaluation tools. Cost-effectiveness was an important tool to evaluation difference health policies from economic and society point. It had been widely applied in the physical activity intervention. This paper analyzed the classic literatures, including the costs of chronic disease, cost-effectiveness calculation, QALY, DALY and the time cost, which thought that physical activity intervention had the cost-effectiveness, having discrepancy among difference interventions. And physical activity intervention had an advantage of cost-effectiveness compared with the medical means. Time cost was the biggest factors which ＇affected the intervention effectiveness. The paper recommended that multidisciplinaIy research platform should be established. The ＂preference＂ coefficient and discount rate should be introduced in the course of calculation. Lastly, exchange rate should be evaluated for different currencies for comparison.

关 键 词：身体活动 成本-效果 质量调整生命年 

分 类 号：G80-05[文化科学—运动人体科学]