纹状体神经元的生理功能及其对运动中枢疲劳调控研究进展  

Physiological Function of Striatal Neurons and Its Modulation to Exercise-Induced Central Fatigue

作　　者：刘军[1,2] 刘晓莉[1] 乔德才[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学体育与运动学院,北京100875 [2]西安体育学院健康科学系,陕西西安710068

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2014年第2期161-164,170,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:31171138;31340025);北京市自然科学基金项目(项目编号:5142012)

摘　　要：众多研究认为,中枢神经系统不能对运动肌产生或维持有效的神经冲动是运动中枢疲劳的原因之一。机体通过易化系统和抑制系统调节初级运动皮层对外周的运动输出,基底神经节在易化系统中占有重要地位。纹状体是基底节接收和整合信息的门户,主要接受来自皮层和丘脑的谷氨酸(Glu)和来自于黑质的多巴胺(DA)能神经元投射,同时受到γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)和胆碱能(Ach)中间神经元的调节,还受腺苷、NO、5羟色胺(5-HT)等神经递质或/和调质的共同调节。诸多信号在纹状体中等棘状神经元(MSNs)经DARPP-32等信号分子整合后,通过纹状体黑质神经元(直接通路)和纹状体苍白球神经元(间接通路)发出投射,最终通过2条通路的平衡完成对运动的精确调控。就国内外关于纹状体的生理功能及运动疲劳时纹状体可能的调控机制作一较为系统的综述,为相关领域研究人员提供参考。Numerous researches consider that central nervous system can＇ t drive motor muscles effectively is one of the reasons of exercise induced fatigue. The organism regulates primary motor cortex through facilitation system and inhibitory system, and the basal ganglia play an important role in the facilitation system. The striatum is the key to receive and integrate information in the basal ganglia, mainly receives glutamatergic neurons projection coming from cerebral cortex and thalamus, it also mainly receives dopaminergic neurons projection which come from substantia nigra, at the same time, the striatum receives regulation of GABAergic and cholinergic interneurons, and it receives co-regulation of neurotransmitters and neuromodulators, such as adenosine, NO and 5-HT and so on. Many signals integrate via DARPP-32 and other signal molecules in striatal medium spiny neurons, afterwards it projects through striatonigral neurons （direct pathway） and striatopallidal neurons （indirect pathway）, and finally it finishes accurately the control of movement via the balance of the two pathways. The article gives a systematic review of the studies progressing on physiological function of striatal and its possible regulation mechanism in exercise-induced central fatigue, in order to provide reference for related researchers.

关 键 词：纹状体 MSNs DA受体 腺苷2A受体 DARPP-32 运动中枢疲劳 

分 类 号：G804.2[文化科学—运动人体科学]