苏联第一次反宗教——没收教会珍宝运动及其教训  

The Soviet first campaign against religion—the confiscation of church treasure and its lessons

作　　者：雷丽平[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学东北亚研究院历史文化研究所

出　　处：《俄罗斯东欧中亚研究》2014年第3期81-86,96,共6页Russian，East European & Central Asian Studies

基　　金：吉林省社科基金项目"俄罗斯传统文化与市场经济研究"(项目编号:2011B047);国家社科基金项目"斯大林与赫鲁晓夫时代政教关系研究"(项目编号:13BSSO32)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：没收教会珍宝运动,是苏俄第一次大规模的反宗教运动,运动从没收教会珍宝文物开始,逐渐延伸到对教会人员和反抗没收珍宝的信徒的镇压与审判。苏俄第一次反宗教运动在指导理论上和运动实践上出现严重失误,反映出俄共缺乏从革命党到执政党的转变意识,即理论上的"与时俱进"意识,缺乏从马克思主义宗教理论"教条式的理解中解放出来"的创新。本文利用了苏联最新解密的档案资料,剖析了俄共没有建立起社会主义的宗教理论和宗教执政路线,是俄共在宗教问题上不断犯错误的主要原因。剖析苏联在宗教问题上所犯的错误,汲取其教训,总结其经验,对我国及其社会主义国家制定正确的宗教路线、方针和政策具有重要的理论意义和现实意义。Confiscating church' s treasures movement is the first massive campaign against religion in the Soviet Russia.There is a serious mistakes both in the guidance theory and in practice in the movement.It reflected the fact that the communists lacked the consciousness of transition from revolutionary party to ruling one,on the one hand,and they lacked innovation of breaking away from " dogmatic understanding of " the Marxist religious theory,on the other.This paper used the newly declassified documents of the Soviet Union and revealed the main reason for repeating misstates on the religious problem is that Soviet Russia did not establish the socialist theory of religion and religious ruling course.

关 键 词：苏联 宗教政策 没收教会珍宝 

分 类 号：K512.5[历史地理—历史学]