异质性视角下环境污染责任保险投保意愿分析  

Research on the Willingness to Insure PLI in Firm's Heterogeneity Perspective

作　　者：谢慧明[1] 李中海[1] 沈满洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]浙江理工大学经济管理学院/浙江省生态文明研究中心,浙江杭州310018

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第6期84-90,共7页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目"我国工业节水战略研究"(编号:12AJY003);浙江理工大学科研启动基金"旅游资源生态经济价值评价的理论与实证"(编号:13092125-Y);浙江省环境保护厅委托项目"浙江省推进环境污染责任保险实施机制研究"(编号:2011A25)

摘　　要："自下而上"和"自上而下"的环境污染责任保险制度试点过程表明从供给侧和需求侧共同提升投保意愿有助于推动环境污染责任保险市场建设。我国环境污染责任保险研究始于20世纪中后期,武汉、大连、江苏等地环境污染责任保险试点经验表明,环境污染责任保险投保意愿在供给侧表现为区域、行业和政策条件的附加性,体现为环境污染责任保险市场规则的地区差异、行业差异与政策差异;环境污染责任保险投保意愿在需求侧表现为保险费率的企业和地区差异,即不同企业、不同行业之间环境污染责任保险的费率差异,或存在倍数关系;环境污染责任保险投保意愿取决于环境风险、防范意识和环境知识等因素。基于二值选择和排序数据模型,本文从环境风险、防范意识、环境知识以及环境立法与政策宽严程度及执法效率等方面对浙江省企业环境污染责任保险的投保意愿进行实证研究。研究结果表明,环境污染责任保险投保意愿地区差异显著;环境风险越高的企业,环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越强;防范意识越强的企业,环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越高;环境知识水平越高的企业,环境污染责任保险的投保意愿越高;而在试点阶段,环境立法与政策宽严程度及执法效率对环境污染责任保险的投保意愿影响并不显著。因此,在深化试点的过程中应注意甄别企业的异质性,即把握企业环境风险程度、提高企业环境风险防范意识、加大环境污染责任保险的宣传和推广力度,同时还需密切关注环境立法与政策宽严程度的变化以及执法效率的地区和企业差异。Based on the pilot experiences of both the ＂bottom-to-up＂ and ＂up-to-bottom＂ institutional innovation of pollution liability insurance（ PLI）, it is shown that it＇ s necessary to investigate the willingness to insure（WTI） from the combined angel of supply and demand. In the late period of 20th century, the PLI was introduced in China. The regions like Wuhan, Dalian, Jiangsu and so on tried to carry out PLI. The experiences are concluded as follows： regional, industrial and political conditions could be expressed as the supply side of WTI according to the different rules of PLI in different regions, industries and policies ; the different fees between regions and among firms are the core concern of the demand side of WTI and the rate has a significant impact on WTI. The willingness to insure PLI depends on environmental risk, preservation and knowledge, the impacts of which are significantly different. Based on the probit and ordered probit model, this paper empirically studied the WTI of enterprises in Zhejiang province based on the variables of environmental risk, awareness, environmental knowledge, environmental legislation, policies and their enforcement efficiency. The results show that there are notable regional differences of WTI; the enterprises which have higher environmental risk have stronger WTI ; the enterprises with stronger awareness have stronger WTI ; the enterprises owning higher level of environmental knowledge have stronger WTI. However, such variables as environmental legislation, policy or their enforcement efficiency do not have significant impacts on WTI in the pilot period. As a result, in the next deepening process of PLI, more attention needs be paid to firm＇ s heterogeneity, which is to master the extent of environmental risk, to improve the understanding of environmental preservation and to make it much more popular for the pollutants, besides to care more about the environmental legislation, policies and their enforcement efficiency.

关 键 词：异质性 环境污染责任保险 投保意愿 

分 类 号：F840.69[经济管理—保险]