公海渔业资源养护和利用国际法律制度研究  

Study on International Legal Regime About High Seas Fishery Resources Conservation and Utilization

作　　者：白洋[1] 朱伯玉[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东理工大学法学院,山东淄博255049

出　　处：《中国人口·资源与环境》2014年第6期171-176,共6页China Population,Resources and Environment

基　　金：国家社会科学基金青年项目"生态整体主义视角下渔业权理论及实施机制研究"(编号:12CFX091);山东省高校人文社科研究项目"资源极限视野下渔业权理论研究"(编号:J12WB11);山东理工大学人文社科发展计划"后UNCLOS时期国际渔业法律制度研究"(编号:4083/112007);山东理工大学青年教师发展支持计划"公共物品的法律保护"(编号:4072/112030)

摘　　要：公海渔业资源养护和利用的国际法应当是建立在资源生物特性之上的一种法律规范,只有符合资源生物特性的制度安排才能有效应对世界渔业危机。实践证明,将投入控制和产出控制相结合的制度安排是对资源生态整体特性的有力回应,能有效遏制资源衰退。从制度的本质来看,不得超越总可捕量的共同义务是制度有效运行的前提条件,一旦突破总可捕量底线,权利的实现便不能得到保障,这是一种"皮之不存,毛将焉附"的逻辑关系;其次,海洋渔业权制度公法色彩浓厚。无论是准入制度还是监管层面,离不开公权力的有效干预和保障;此外,渔业权权利束中的配额权和捕捞权亦非等同,没有获得配额并不意味着捕鱼权的消灭,有捕鱼权也并不意味着能够获取配额。权利的持续实现以遵守自然规律的捕捞为前提。最后,从制度整体看,公海渔业危机的化解,应是一个基于不同产权实施模式的综合管理问题,不仅仅是私人财产权,还应包括公共财产权、混合财产权等。只有牢牢把握制度实质,在科学确定总可捕量的前提之下,通过落实有限准入、健全分配机制、加强监管、深化合作等手段互相配合,才能实现公海渔业资源的永续利用。International legal regime about fishery resources conservation and utilization should such a legal norm, which built on top of the biological characteristics of resources. Only institutional arrangements that comply with the biological characteristics of the resources can respond effectively to the crisis in world fisheries. Practice has proved that the institutional arrangements that input control and output control are combined each other can effectively curb the resources recession. Essentially, the common obligation that does not exceed the total allowable catch system is the fundamental guarantee of system running. Once the TAC is broken, the realization of rights can not be guaranteed. Besides, the right of marine fisheries has obviously public law attributes. Either access system or regulatory, requires the public authority to intervene and guarantee effectively ;in addition, quotas and fishing rights are not equal rights. No quota does not mean the elimination of fishing rights, and getting fishing rights does not mean getting quota. Realization of the rights must comply with the laws of nature. Finally, from the overall perspective of the system, coping with high seas fisheries crisis should be based on the implementation of integrated management of different modes of property rights, not just private property ; public property and mixed property rights should be included. Only firmly grasping the essence of system, under the premise of scientifically determining the total allowable catch, through strict access, sound distribution mechanism, strengthening supervision, and deepening cooperation, we can achieve the sustainable use of marine fishery resources.

关 键 词：公海渔业 国际法 总可捕量 有限准入 公平分配 强化监管 

分 类 号：D912.6[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学]