海南岛地区海陆风的统计分析和数值模拟研究  

STATISTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF SEA LAND BREEZES IN HAINAN ISLAND

作　　者：张振州[1,2] 蔡旭晖[1] 宋宇[1] 康凌[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京大学环境科学与工程学院环境科学系/环境模拟与污染控制国家重点联合实验室 [2]中国人民解放军海军91715部队

出　　处：《热带气象学报》2014年第2期270-280,共11页Journal of Tropical Meteorology

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(2010CB428501);国家高技术研究发展计划项目(2008AA06A415;2009AA06A41802)共同资助

摘　　要：根据实测资料统计分析海南岛地区的海陆风现象和季节变化，并利用WRF模式对全岛海陆风环流进行数值模拟。结果表明，海南岛四季代表月的月平均海陆风日为12．2d，月平均频率约为40％，夏季最高（约49％），冬、春季相当（约41％），秋季最少（约29％）；中部山区周围海陆风出现频率较高，北部丘陵地区出现频率较低。海南岛夏季的海陆风环流最强，典型海陆风日的海风环流厚度达2．5km、陆风环流厚度约1．5km；白天海风向岛内伸展60-100km，在岛屿长轴附近形成强辐合带；冬季通常在岛屿中部形成偏南北向的海风辐合带；春季兼有夏季和冬季的特点；秋季海陆风的范围最小、强度最弱，主要出现在西南部山地边缘。各季陆风发展相对较弱，陆风辐合线偏向海上或在岸线附近，其范围和强度明显小于海风环流。海岛山体机械绕流作用明显，迎风面陆风时段易形成陆风锋，夏季常出现在凌晨至05-09时，弧形辐合带向海上推进约10-30km，冬季出现在东南部沿海且强度较弱；背风面海风锋可在北部．西部的平坦地区登陆并向岛内推进，海风发展旺盛时背风面与迎风面的海风在海岛中心汇合，形成覆盖全岛的强辐合带。The sea-land breeze circulation （SLBC） occurs regularly at coastal locations and influences the local weather and climate significantly. In this study, based on the observed surface wind in 9 conventional meteorological stations of Hainan Island, the frequency of sea-land breeze （SLB） is studied to depict the diurnal and seasonal variations of the SLB. The statistics indicated that there is a monthly average of 12.2 SLB days and an occurrence frequency of about 40%, with the maximum frequency （49%） in summer, comparable frequencies （41%） in winter and spring, and the minimum frequency （29%） in autumn. A higher frequency of SLB is present in the southern and central mountains due to the enhancement effect of the mountain-valley breeze. Mainly due to the synoptic geostrophic wind the number of SLB days in the northern hilly area is less than in other areas. Moreover, the WRF model, adopted to simulate the SLBC over the island for all seasons, performs reasonably well reproducing the phenomenon, evolution and mechanism of SLBC. Chiefly affected by the difference of temperature between sea and land, the SLBC varies in coverage and intensity with the seasons and reaches the greatest intensity in summer. The typical depth is about 2.5 km for sea breeze circulation and about 1.5 km for land breeze circulation. A strong convergence zone with severe ascending motion appears at the line parallel to the major axis of the island, penetrating 60 to 100 km inland. This type of weak sea breeze convergence zone in winter appears north-south. The features of SLBC in spring are similar to those in summer with southerly wind and to that in winter with easterly wind. The coverage and intensity of SLBC in autumn is the weakest and confined to the southwest edge of the central mountainous area. The land breeze is inherently very weak and was easily impacted by the topography and weather. The coverage and intensity of the land breeze convergence line is significantly less than the sea breeze. The orographic forcing

关 键 词：海南岛 海陆风 统计特征 WRF模式 数值模拟 

分 类 号：P425.41[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]