废弃印刷线路板中金的回收处理现状  

Recycling of Gold from Waste Printed Circuit Boards

作　　者：李瑞卿[1] 王维[2] 吴玉锋[2] 章启军[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学材料科学与工程学院,北京100124 [2]北京工业大学循环经济研究院,北京100124

出　　处：《稀有金属》2014年第3期516-526,共11页Chinese Journal of Rare Metals

基　　金：科技部国家高技术研究发展计划(2012AA063207);北京市属高等学校人才强教深化计划"中青年骨干人才培养"项目(PHR20110843);北京工业大学科研基地建设-科技创新平台项目(033000546613001)资助

摘　　要：黄金具有优良的导电性、延展性和低接触电阻,被广泛应用于电气电子产品的印刷线路板上。随着科技的发展,电气电子产品的市场需求量不断增大,其平均寿命伴随产品功能和外观设计的日益更新显著降低,导致大量的印刷线路板被废弃。在我国金矿资源如此紧张的情况下,从废弃印刷线路板中回收黄金受到广泛重视。文中阐述了废弃印刷线路板的构成特点及回收价值,并从废弃印刷线路板预处理、金属富集、金的浸出和浸出液中金的回收4方面详细介绍了黄金回收提取的整个过程中所涉及的多种主要技术。同时,文中从经济效益、环境影响和工业化可行性等方面对各种技术进行对比分析,指出各种回收处理技术的优势及存在的问题。表明未来的研究趋势是以最大程度降低二次污染为目标,将多种技术融合联用,在达到环境效益和降低处理成本的基础上,最大程度提高黄金的回收率和回收纯度;同时还需进一步开发新的处理设备,寻找更有效的处理手段,以促进我国废弃印刷线路板中黄金的回收利用。Owing to excellent electrical conductivity, ductility and low contact electrical resistance for inserting connections, gold was widely used in printed circuit boards （PCBs） of electric and electronic equipment （EEE）. Both technological innovation and update rate of EEE shortened the average lifespan of EEE. As a result, the amounts of waste PCBs dramatically increased. Therefore, on the basis of the current situation of gold resources in China, recycling gold from waste PCBs received wide concerns. This paper reported the characteristics and recycling values of waste PCBs. An integrated recycling process for gold from waste PCBs was reviewed in detail, including pretreatment, metal enrichment, leaching of gold and gold recovery. Meanwhile, the advantages and disadvantages existed in current recycling methods were summarized, based on a comparative analysis of various technologies from economic benefits, environmental impact, and feasibility of industrialization. The future research trends of recycling technology for waste PCBs would be focused on reducing the costs and pollution, integrating use of multiple techniques, and increasing the recovery rate and purity of gold. Additional research would be needed in searching new processing equipment and environmentally friendly technologies to recover gold from waste PCBs in China.

关 键 词：废弃印刷线路板 黄金 回收处理技术 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]