连作西瓜光合特性及抗病性对小麦伴生的响应  

Response of photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance of watermelon to companion with wheat

作　　者：徐伟慧[1,2] 吴凤芝[1] 王志刚[2] 孙国雁[2] 徐红红[2] 

机构地区：[1]东北农业大学园艺学院,哈尔滨150030 [2]齐齐哈尔大学生命科学与农林学院,齐齐哈尔161006

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2014年第6期655-660,共6页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：黑龙江省教育厅科学技术研究项目资助

摘　　要：连作障碍是限制设施西瓜栽培的重要因素,利用植物间化感作用的伴生栽培模式是解决连作障碍的有效手段。为探讨小麦品种‘D125’伴生对连作西瓜生长的效应,采用连作西瓜土壤进行盆栽试验,设置西瓜单作和小麦伴生西瓜2个处理,研究连作西瓜光合特性及抗病性对小麦伴生的响应。结果表明,西瓜定植40 d时,伴生小麦与单作相比,西瓜叶片光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度分别提高32.2%、28.5%、7.8%,叶片叶绿素总量、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素a/b分别增加7.5%、8.4%和3.2%,且差异显著;西瓜定植60 d时,伴生小麦与单作相比,西瓜叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO2浓度分别提高52.9%、116.7%、33.8%,叶片叶绿素总量、叶绿素a含量和叶绿素a/b分别提高5.8%、7.1%、4.9%,均达到差异显著水平。但两个处理间的初始荧光、可变荧光、PSⅡ最大光化学效率、PSⅡ实际光化学效率及光化学猝灭系数无显著差异;西瓜白粉病病情指数降低6.3%。西瓜定植40 d后,伴生小麦与单作相比,西瓜叶片MDA含量和PAL活性分别降低44.43%和8.68%,SOD和PPO活性升高17.3%和84.5%;西瓜定植60 d,叶片PAL活性显著高于单作,MDA含量、SOD和PPO活性无显著差异。可见连作西瓜对伴生小麦产生了积极的响应,伴生小麦具有提高连作西瓜净光合速率,减缓西瓜叶片衰老,延长光合功能期的作用,提升了连作西瓜的抗病性。Watermelon [Citrullus lanatus（Thunb.） Matsum and Nakai] is an important fruit that is commonly eaten all over the world.However,studies have shown that continuous cropping of watermelon on the same field could lead to serious problems,including poor plant growth,reduced production and low disease resistance called soil sickness.It has also been noted that intercropping or rotating watermelon with wheat,a process known as companion wheat,could reduce soil sickness disease.To further explore companion wheat ‘D125’ effect on the growth of watermelon,pot experiments were conducted to investigate the response of photosynthetic characteristics and disease resistance in watermelon to companion with wheat ‘D125’.The two treatments were monoculture watermelon（the control） and watermelon in companion with wheat.The tested soil was planted with watermelon for three consecutive years.The results showed that photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration of watermelon in companion with wheat were significantly higher than those of monoculture watermelon by 32.2%,28.5% and 7.8%,respectively.Chlorophyll（chl a ＋ chl b,chl a,and chl a/b） contents of watermelon in companion with wheat were also significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting by 7.5%,8.4% and 3.2%,respectively.Similar results were obtained on the 60th day after transplanting for photosynthetic rate,stomatal conductance,intercellular CO2concentration and chlorophyll（chl a ＋ chl b,chl a,and chl a/b） contents of watermelon in companion with wheat,all of which were significantly higher than those in monoculture watermelon by 52.9%,116.7%,33.8%,5.8%,7.1% and 4.9%,respectively.No significant differences in Fo,Fυ,Fυ/Fm,ФPSⅡ and qP were noted between the two cropping systems.Powdery mildew disease index of watermelon leaf decreased by 6.3% in companion cropping system,compared with monoculture watermelon on the 40th day after transplanting watermelon.Also compared w

关 键 词：连作障碍 西瓜 小麦伴生 光合特性 抗病性 

分 类 号：S627[农业科学—园艺学]