山东省环渤海平原区粮食产出潜力与技术途径分析  

Potential grain output and technology approaches in the plain around the Bohai Sea in Shandong Province

作　　者：武兰芳[1] 柏林川[1] 欧阳竹[1] 王春晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所/生态系统网络观测与模拟重点实验室,北京100101

出　　处：《中国生态农业学报》2014年第6期682-689,共8页Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2013BAD05B03);中国科学院重点部署课题(CXJQ120109)资助

摘　　要：为了给国家新增粮食生产能力规划布局提供依据,基于山东环渤海平原区目前耕地资源、种植制度及其生产力现状,估算了该区域内30个县(市、区)的粮食产出潜力。结果表明:通过扩大粮食种植面积和提高粮食单产具有新增粮食4.034 1×109 kg的潜力,具体技术途径为:①调整种植制度,通过将一年1熟种植棉花调整为小麦/玉米一年2熟种植粮食作物,可增加粮食产出2.364 7×109 kg;②开发利用耕地资源,通过改造治理盐碱荒地种植粮食作物可增加粮食产出7.755 5×108 kg;③实施均衡增产措施,通过提高现有粮田单产水平可增加粮食产出8.938 5×108 kg。无论是扩大种植面积,还是提高单产,增粮增产潜力较大的县(市、区)主要分布在黄河三角洲地区。粮食生产潜力开发的核心技术措施是进行洗盐排盐抑制耕层土壤返盐,改土培肥提高中低田地力,筛选配置耐盐作物品种、优化耕作制度,实施适度规模集中连片标准化技术。It is a big challenge to promote grain production in China under the background of limited arable lands and increasing grain demand due to an enormous population.In order to provide scientific basis for national policy decision-making on increasing grain production capacity,planning and distributing,potential grain outputs of 30 counties in the area around the Bohai Sea in Shandong Province were estimated by using current data about arable lands,cropping systems and land productivity in recent years.The results show that the potential increase in grain output was likely to reach 4.034 1 × 109 kg,which could be achieved by expanding planting area of grain crops and enhancing grain yield per unit area.There were two approaches to enlarge the area of grain crops.Firstly,about 50% of the current areas of cotton of single cropping per year system change into wheat/corn double cropping system by enriching soil fertility and adopting special varieties.This approach may increase grain production by 2.364 7 × 109 kg.Secondly,some of the current uncultivated lands with severe saline-alkali develop for planting grain crops after taking comprehensive measures to increase grain output to 7.755 5 × 108 kg.Furthermore,the promotion of wheat and corn grain yield under current cultivated farmlands will further increase grain output by 8.938 5 × 108 kg.Counties with greater potential for grain output increase by either expanding planting area or enhancing grain yield are in the Delta area and along the banks of the Yellow River.The main technology approaches include：1） leaching and discharge of salt ions from saline-alkali soils by intense freshwater watering and drainage,which will as well reduce salt accumulation in surface soils;2） enriching soil fertility and increasing land productivity by using soil improvement measures such as application of organic manure,utilization of microbial remediation agents and management of crop residues;3） optimizing farming systems by screening and applying crop cultivars with high s

关 键 词：粮食产出 增长潜力 技术途径 山东省 环渤海平原区 

分 类 号：S36[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]