亚硝化颗粒污泥的培养、强化方法及其特性  

Cultivation and Enhancement Method of Partial Nitrification Granular Sludge and Sludge Characteristics

作　　者：王斌[1] 李冬[1] 梁瑜海[1] 吴迪[1] 张翠丹[1] 曾辉平[1] 张杰[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学水质科学与水环境恢复工程北京市重点实验室,北京100124 [2]哈尔滨工业大学城市水资源与水环境国家重点实验室,黑龙江哈尔滨150090

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2014年第11期1-4,8,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：教育部新世纪优秀人才支持计划项目(NCET-10-0008);国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07202-005)

摘　　要：采用生活污水和SBR反应器,通过控制沉淀时间及在进水中投加氨氮,成功培养出了亚硝化颗粒污泥并实现了处理性能的强化。颗粒污泥平均粒径为0.77 mm,粒径>0.6 mm的颗粒占到61.4%,亚硝化率稳定维持在95%以上,氨氮容积负荷达到0.94 kg/(m3·d)。控制沉淀时间是培养亚硝化颗粒污泥的有效手段,当沉淀时间>10 min时亚硝化颗粒污泥难以形成,当沉淀时间为4 min左右时,亚硝化污泥的颗粒化速度较快。维持进水氨氮浓度在175 mg/L左右,可在短期(18 d)内显著增强亚硝化颗粒污泥的氨氧化性能,氨氮容积负荷是强化前的两倍。亚硝化污泥的颗粒化,不仅提高了污泥的沉降性能,而且增强了系统的抗冲击负荷能力,强化了亚硝化的稳定性。In the SBR, partial nitrification granular sludge for domestic sewage was successfully cultivated by controlling the settling time and the treatment performance was enhanced by adding ammonia nitrogen to the influent. The average granule size was 0.77 mm and 61.4% of the sludge had granule size greater than 0.6 mm, the nitrite accumulation rate was above 95% and the ammonia nitrogen volumetric loading rate reached 0.94 kg/（ m^3 · d）. Controlling the settling time was an effective method to cultivate partial nitrification granular sludge. When the settling time was above 10 min, partial nitrification granular sludge was difficult to form. When the settling time was about 4 min, the granulation speed was fast. Ammonia oxidation could be doubled in a short time （ 18 d） by controlling the influent ammonia nitrogen concentration at about 175 mg/L. The granulation of partial nitrification sludge could improve sludge settleability and enhance shock loading resistance and partial nitrification stability.

关 键 词：生活污水 亚硝化 颗粒污泥 沉淀时间 溶解氧 

分 类 号：X703[环境科学与工程—环境工程]