反硝化生物滤池除污性能及水头损失变化规律  

Pollutant Removal Performance and Head Loss in a Denitrifying Biofilter

作　　者：胡朝晖[1,2] 余健[2] 刘钢[1] 王振兴[1] 李鑫华[1] 黎京士[1] 谌建宇[1] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部华南环境科学研究所,广东广州510655 [2]湖南大学土木工程学院,湖南长沙410082

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2014年第11期14-18,共5页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07206-002);粤港关键领域重点突破项目(772009A030902002)

摘　　要：建立了一套上向流反硝化生物滤池（DNBF）系统，分析了其处理效果和周期内水头损失的变化规律，以及稳定状态下水头损失与污染物浓度沿滤层的分布特征。在运行周期的前6h，对COD和NH4^＋-N的去除率逐步提高，6h后分别稳定在（71．6％～79．2％）和（44．1％～55．2％）；对NO3^--N的去除率最初为63．1％，2h后稳定在90％以上。在DNBF运行周期的开始阶段，水头损失增长较为缓慢；之后增长速度逐渐加快，并迅速达到设计水头。在空间分布上，水头损失增长较快的区域与NH4^＋-N、NO3^--N、COD去除效果较好的区域以及生物量较多的区域基本一致，主要分布在靠近进水口的下半部分滤层。水头损失增长的主要原因是生物膜增长以及氮气气泡积聚致使孔隙率下降。An upflow denitrifying biofilter （DNBF） system was set up and its treatment performance and head loss during a running cycle were investigated. The spatial distribution of head loss and pollutants along the filter layer under steady operating conditions was analyzed. The removal efficiencies of COD and NH4^＋ - N increased gradually during the first 6 h and kept at 71.6% to 79.2% and 44. 1% to 55.2% respectively after 6 h. The removal efficiency of NO3^- -N increased from 63.1% at the beginning to above 90% after 2 h. At first, the head loss of the DNBF was relatively low and then increased quickly to the design head loss. The spatial distribution pattern of head loss increment, biomass accumulation and biodegradation of NH4^＋ - N, NO3^- - N and COD were similar along the height of the DNBF, mainly in the lower part of the media, which was close to the inlet. The increment of head loss in the DNBF was mainly caused by the decrement of partial porosity, which was due to the development of biofilm and the accumulation of nitrogen gas.

关 键 词：曝气生物滤池 反硝化 生物脱氮 水头损失 反冲洗周期 

分 类 号：X703.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]