经颅超声在诊断早产儿颅脑损伤中的临床应用  

Utility of transcranial doppler ultrasound in diagnosis of craniocerebral injury in premature infants

作　　者：徐媛[1] 段云友[1] 刘禧[1] 王佳[1] 李俏颖[1] 

机构地区：[1]第四军医大学唐都医院超声诊断科,陕西省西安市710038

出　　处：《中华全科医学》2014年第7期1123-1124,1176,共3页Chinese Journal of General Practice

摘　　要：目的通过对218例早产儿经颅超声声像图进行回顾性分析,探讨经颅超声检查在早产儿颅脑损伤中的应用价值。方法因早产需儿科住院的早产儿218例,使用开立公司SonoScape S8超声诊断仪C611S凸阵探头,以前囟为主要透声窗,多切面扫查观察患儿颅内结构、脑室宽度及回声改变等超声表现。结果所有患儿经颅超声图像显示清晰,218例患儿中发现各种类型及不同程度的脑损伤共98例(发生率44.95%),其中单纯室管膜下出血32例,脑室内出血8例,脑室周围白质损伤25例,脑室周围-脑室内出血合并脑室周围白质受损29例;脑实质出血3例,脑发育不良1例。结论①早产儿发生颅脑损伤的可能性较高,主要类型为脑出血和脑室周围白质损伤;②经颅超声检查安全、方便,可重复性强,可作为早产儿颅脑损伤早期筛查的首选手段。Objective To discuss the utility of transcranial Doppler ultrasound in the diagnosis of craniocerebral injury in premature infants. Methods The transcranial Doppler ultrasound were performed in 218 premature infants. Taking the bregma as the primary acoustical window,multislice scanning was done for the intracranial structure,width of ventricle and echo change. Results The clear ultrasound images showed that 98 of 218 patients were with various types and different levels of brain injury（ 44. 95%）,which included 32 cases of subependymal hemorrhage,8 cases of intraventricular hemorrhage（ ICH）,25 cases of periventricular white matter injury（ PWMI）,29 cases of periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage（ PV-IVH） combined with PWMI,3 cases of parenchymal hemorrhage,and 1 case of brain dysplasia. Conclusion ①The risk of craniocerebral injury in premature infants is relatively high,the main injuries are ICH and PWMI; ②transcranial ultrasound can be used as an early screening method for craniocerebral injury in preterm neonates with the advantages of high safety,convenience and repeatability.

关 键 词：经颅超声 早产儿 脑室周围-脑室内出血 脑室周围白质损伤 

分 类 号：R445.1[医药卫生—影像医学与核医学] R722.6[医药卫生—诊断学]