话语中的反预设及其触发机制  

Antipresupposition and the Trigger Mechanism in the Utterance

作　　者：廖德明[1] 李佳源[2] 

机构地区：[1]西华师范大学文学院,四川南充637009 [2]西华师范大学管理学院,四川南充637009

出　　处：《西华师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2014年第3期50-56,共7页Journal of China West Normal University:Philosophy & Social Sciences

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学青年项目(09YJC740058)

摘　　要：反预设主要是由表达信念与级差含义的词如think,know,a,the,all和both触发:一个带有think、a、all语词的句子的不适当性是与带有know、the、both并行句子的适当性相关的。反预设不同于预设,它不能用域条件进行解释;它相似于级差含义问题,但要为反预设与级差含义提供统一的解释却面临着问题。O.Percus和E.Chemla使用最大化预设理论来考察反预设,并对反预设进行了认知步骤的解释。但在最大化预设的理论框架下,反预设的一些具体性质还有待澄清。按触发反预设的词汇类型——命题态度词与量词——来考察,指出命题的投射状况能很好地解释命题态度词引发的反预设,而量词的不兼容性是引发量词反预设的原因。Antipresuppositions are triggered by some lexical items that express belief and scalar implicature such as think, know,a, the, all and both. Antipresupposition is different from presupposition, application of the domain condition can＇t interprete it. Antipresupposition is similar to the scalar implicature, but it some problems to give a unified account for them has to face. O. Percus and E. Chemla revised the maximize presupposition to descript it and provided an epistemic step. However, some specific properties of it must be clarified in the maximize presuppo- sition. The paper gives an explanation for antipresupposition through lexlcal types propositional attitude words and quantifiers and points out that the condition of proposition prejection can give a good interpretation for the anti- presupposition triggered by propositional attitude words and that the incompatibility of quantifiers is the cause for antipresupposition of quantifiers.

关 键 词：反预设 适当性 域条件 最大化预设 

分 类 号：H030[语言文字—语言学]