有限供水下冬小麦全程耗水特征定量研究  

Quantitative study of water consumption characteristics of winter wheat under deficit irrigation

作　　者：张兴娟[1,2] 薛绪掌 郭文忠 李亮 王志敏[2] 

机构地区：[1]国家农业智能装备工程技术研究中心,北京100097 [2]中国农业大学,北京100193

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第10期2567-2580,共14页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31171489);国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(2012CB955904);农业部公益性行业专项(200903007);国家小麦产业技术体系(CARS-3)

摘　　要：为明确冬小麦不同水分条件下全生育过程日耗水及阶段耗水特征,在北京地区利用蒸渗仪系统连续监测了几种灌溉处理(W4:起身水+孕穗水+开花水+灌浆水;W2:拔节水+开花水;W1:拔节水;W0:无灌水)耗水动态变化。结果表明:冬小麦全生育期的耗水动态可分为3个阶段:(1)播种至11月底的冬前阶段,这个阶段日耗水量波动明显,一般低于3 mm/d;(2)12月上旬至来年2月底的冬季阶段,这个阶段日耗水量低于0.4 mm/d,且波动很小;(3)3月初小麦返青至收获的春后生长阶段,这个阶段日耗水量总体上是一个先升高后降低的过程,但波动很大,每次灌水都会引起1个日耗水高峰的出现。耗水日变化呈单峰或双峰曲线,高峰出现在正午前后,高峰值因灌水处理而有明显差异,灌水多则耗水峰值显著升高,而夜间耗水量及其在不同处理间差异均很小。拔节至成熟期是冬小麦耗水的主要时期,该期耗水占总耗水60%以上。减少灌溉会增加土壤贮水消耗,但降低了总耗水量。综合比较表明,在有限灌溉下,拔节水和开花水组合是高产和高水分效率相统一的灌溉模式。From October of 2011 to June of 2012, water consumption of a winter wheat cultivar Jingdong 22 under four irrigation treatments was monitored continuously using 24 weighing lysimeters in Beijing, China. The weighing lysimeters monitored water consumption of winter wheat at an interval of five minutes. Soil water content within all the lysimeters was adjusted to field capacity before plantation. The four irrigation treatments were W0 （no irrigation after plantation） , W1 （one irrigation after plantation at the jointing stage）, W2 （two irrigations after plantation at the jointing and flowering stages, respectively） , and W4 （ four irrigations after plantation at the erecting, booting, flowering and grain-filling stages, respectively）. The amount of water applied in each irrigation was 40 mm. Rainfall during the growth season was kept away from the lysimeters with an automatic rain-proof shelter. The experiment results showed that water consumption during this winter wheat season could be divided into three stages. The first stage was from the plantation date to the stable freezing date at early December of 2011. Daily water consumption during this stage fluctuated significantly and was usually less than 3 mm/day. Total water consumption during this stage was between 32 to 35mm. The second stage was during freezing season spanned from early December of 2011 to early March of 2012. During this stage, daily water consumption was less than 0.4 mm/d and fluctuated little. Total water consumption during this stage was between 21 to 24 mm. The third stage was fromgreen-up in early March of 2012 to harvest. During this stage, daily water consumption increased first, reached the highest value around heading stage, remained at high value until mid-grain-filling and decreased quickly approaching ripening, with large increase of daily water consumption after each irrigation Changes of evapotranspiration rates showed patterns of single or double peak curves for each day, with different peaks appearing around mid

关 键 词：冬小麦 限量灌溉 耗水特征 水分利用效率 蒸渗仪 

分 类 号：S512.11[农业科学—作物学]