低剂量杀虫剂对星豹蛛捕食效应的影响及其机理  

The effect of low-dose of pesticide on predation of spider and its preliminary mechanisms

作　　者：李锐[1] 李娜[1] 刘佳[1] 李生才[1] 洪坚平[2] 

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学农学院,太谷030801 [2]山西农业大学资源环境学院,太谷030801

出　　处：《生态学报》2014年第10期2629-2637,共9页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：中国博士后基金(112125);山西省科技攻关项目(20130311011-5;20120311013-4);山西省留学基金项目(2013-重点6)

摘　　要：探讨低剂量杀虫剂对蜘蛛捕食效应的影响及其生化机理。采用药膜法,测定了低剂量吡虫啉作用下,星豹蛛和甘蓝蚜敏感性、捕食效应以及成蛛体内乙酰胆碱酯酶(AChE)、谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GSTs)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和中肠蛋白消化酶的活力变化。低剂量农药作用下,星豹蛛对甘蓝蚜的功能反应类型为HollingⅡ型,与对照组相比,随着猎物密度的增大星豹蛛的捕食量增加,寻找效应降低,对猎物的处理时间Th缩短,从而增强了对猎物的捕食作用;低剂量农药处理后,星豹蛛体内AChE和GSTs活性均显著低于对照组(P<0.05),说明酶活性受到抑制,且抑制作用随吡虫啉浓度的增大而加强,随作用时间的延长而减弱;SOD,CAT和中肠蛋白消化酶活性显著增强,与对照组相比存在显著或极显著差异(P<0.05),且随吡虫啉浓度增大和作用时间的延长而逐渐降低,最后接近对照组。低剂量杀虫剂作用下,蜘蛛体内AChE活性受到抑制,AChE敏感性降低,对神经递质乙酰胆碱的分解作用下降,使蜘蛛的兴奋性增加;GSTs、SOD、CAT等代谢酶活性发生变化,使蜘蛛的新陈代谢加速,从而刺激捕食;中肠蛋白消化酶的活性增强,提高了对猎物的消化吸收功能。总之,在低剂量杀虫剂作用下,星豹蛛通过外在的捕食行为和体内一系列酶系生理生化反应的综合作用促进蜘蛛对害虫的控制作用。Spiders are among the most abundant predators of insects and other invertebrates in agroand forest ecosystems, playing an important ecological role by regulating invertebrate populations. Biological control using spiders may represent a sustainable method of controlling agricultural pest species and reducing the amount of pest damage on crops. However, pesticide application on agricultural crops may directly or indirectly impact spider foraging in the crop. In particular, pesticides may have mutagenic effects on spiders, negatively affecting the spider population abundance and transferring these effects to the next generation. Recent studies have reported that low-dose pesticides kill pests, but promote the predation of natural enemies. Therefore, revealing the mechanism behind low-dose pesticides on natural enemies is critical to improving predator ability, exploring the potential control of insect predators and coordinating bioand chemical control. Our aim was to investigate the effect of low-dose pesticides on spider predation behavior and reveal the underlying mechanisms. Pardosa astrigera was treated with a low-dose of imidacloprid using the drug-film method. We determined the sensitivity of P. astrigera, the predation effect of P. astrigera on B. brassicae and the activity of acetylcholinesterase （ACHE）, glutathione S-transferase （GSTs）, superoxide dismutase （SOD）, catalase （CAT） and midgut proteinase. Theresults showed that under different concentrations of imidacloprid, the predacious functional response of spiders on aphids belonged to the Holling type. Compared with the control, the theoretical maximal consumption increased, searching efficiency decreased and the prey handling time declined with increasing aphid density. Therefore, low-dose pesticide levels resulted in enhanced predation by spiders. When P. astrigera was treated with a low-dose of pesticide, this species showed a reduction in AChE and GSTs activity compared with the control （P〈0.05）, suggesting spider activity was

关 键 词：星豹蛛 低剂量杀虫剂 捕食效应 解毒酶 代谢酶 消化酶 

分 类 号：S476[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]